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Name:___________________________________________ Date:__________________ DNA to Proteins….a REVIEW 1. What type of molecule in DNA? _________________________________ 2. What is the monomer or the basic building block that makes up DNA called? ________________________________________ 3. What are the three parts that make up this monomer? ________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the complementary three base sequence that we read called? _________________________ 5. Define a gene: __________________________________________________________________ 6. DNA codes or holds the instructions to make what in the body? ______________________ 7. Proteins are made up of ___________________________. 8. The amino acid ________________________ is represented by ACA. 9. __________ and __________ are mRNA codons for phenylalanine. 10. The genetic code is said to be universal because a codon represents the same ____________________________ in all organisms. 11. _________, _________, and __________ are stop codons. 12. _______________________ is an amino acid that is represented by only 1 codon and usually starts the amino acid sequence. 13. Proteins are made in the ___________________ in the cytoplasm, whereas DNA is found only in the ___________________ in our cells. 14. What is the name of the bond that connects nitrogen bases together? ____________________________ 15. What is the name of the bond that connects amino acids? ______________________________ 16. The process of making mRNA from DNA is called __________________________ 17. The process of making proteins from mRNA is called ________________________ 18. What is the process in which DNA makes a copy of itself called? ____________________________ Part B: Summary of Nucleic Acids: DNA RNA Phosphate group (yes or no) Name of Sugar Which Nitrogen bases? (A,T,C,G, or U) # of Strands Part C: DNA Replication: 1. Under what circumstance does DNA need to make an exact copy of itself? 2. What two things about DNA’s structure help to ensure that when DNA replicates the two pieces will be IDENTICAL? 3. The enzyme _________________________________ is used to add new DNA nucleotides while it is making a copy of itself. 4. The copying proceeds in ___________ directions on the DNA of Eukaryotic cells to help replicate the DNA faster. Part D: Protein Synthesis: Below you are given the DNA, mRNA, or the Amino Acid. Fill in the blanks. For some of the blanks you may have to work backwards. *Remember you can only use the mRNA in the Amino Acid chart!!! *Pick one of the Amino Acids and use that codon to fill in the mRNA. DNA mRNA Amino Acid TAG TTG UGU GAU ALA ****Check your answers by going to my website and click on the answer folder. Here you can find an answer key for this review sheet. **** Tyr