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Transcript
LEARNING GOALS: To identify cell parts from a diagram and to describe the structure and function of major cell parts. ORGANELLES AND OTHER CELL PARTS Building Proteins CELL PART NUCLEUS STRUCTURE Spherical membranebound organelle; surrounded by nuclear envelope; has holes (pores) FUNCTION contains the information (DNA) for making proteins OTHER Found in eukaryotes only!!! CELL PART STRUCTURE Tiny complexes of protein & RNA RIBOSOMES found free-floating or on endoplasmic reticulum. FUNCTION site of protein synthesis. OTHER Analogous to an assembly line CELL PART ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRUCTURE Interconnected system of membrane sacs found near nucleus rough = ribosomes FUNCTION OTHER Rough = ribosomes General place where proteins are made; secrete Analogous to a newly made proteins (via factory vesicles) to Golgi. CELL PART NUCLEOLUS STRUCTURE Found in nucleus FUNCTION Make ribosomes OTHER like someone who builds the assembly line CELL PART STRUCTURE Folded stacks of membrane; GOLGI APPARATUS found between RER and cell boundary FUNCTION Sorts, modifies, and packages newly made proteins; OTHER - aka Golgi bodies secretes modified proteins - Analogous to their final destination. Post Office Protein Pathway TRANSFORMING ENERGY CELL PART STRUCTURE Membrane-enclosed organelle; MITOCHONDRIA contains inner folds of membrane FUNCTION OTHER Provides cell with energy; endosymbiosis converts food energy (glucose) into usable cell energy (ATP) analogous to a battery CELL PART STRUCTURE Membrane-enclosed organelle; CHLOROPLASTS contains inner stacks of membrane and chlorophyll. FUNCTION OTHER Converts solar energy Found in plants and some bacteria from the Sun into chemical energy analogous to (glucose) solar panels MAKING LIPIDS CELL PART STRUCTURE SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Same as RER but lacks ribosomes; FUNCTION OTHER Manufactures lipids Smooth = no ribosomes analogous to churning butter STRUCTURE AND SUPPORT CELL PART STRUCTURE CELL WALL Rigid outer boundary surrounding cell membrane. FUNCTION Protection; provides shape and support OTHER Found in plants and bacteria! analogous to a castle moat CELL PART CYTOSKELETON STRUCTURE Network of protein fibers known as microtubules and microfilaments; found near cell membrane FUNCTION Provides internal structure and support. OTHER analogous to framework of building CELL PART CENTRIOLES STRUCTURE Hollowed out cylinder of microtubules; found in pairs FUNCTION Makes microtubules and microfilaments OTHER Major role in cell division analogous to construction worker MOVEMENT CELL PART STRUCTURE CILIA Short hair-like microtubules FUNCTION Pushes fluid passed the cell = movement or filter out substances OTHER analogous to crew CELL PART FLAGELLA STRUCTURE Single (or few) long whip-like microtubules FUNCTION movement OTHER e.g. sperm cells TRANSPORT, STORAGE & WASTE REMOVAL CELL PART CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Phospholipid bilayer separating outer cell environment form inner cell environment FUNCTION Maintains homeostasis by regulating what enters/ exits OTHER selective permeabili CELL PART STRUCTURE VESICLES Small bubble-like portions of membrane that has been pinched off. protein b c d a p o r q e f g h n i m l k j cytoplasm vacuole lysosome nucleolus mitochondria nucleus ribosomes vesicle RER Golgi SER cytoskeleton FUNCTION Transport materials such as proteins within cells protein OTHER CELL PART STRUCTURE VACUOLES Large spherical body of membrane FUNCTION Stores nutrients and waste materials OTHER Large plant vacuoles maintain water pressure CELL PART STRUCTURE Spherical bodies of membrane; LYSOSOMES contain digestive enzymes FUNCTION OTHER Breaks down material found in vacuoles Found in animal cells only!!! SUSPENSION CELL PART STRUCTURE Intracellular gel-like soupy fluid; CYTOPLASM mostly water and dissolved substances (solutes) FUNCTION Suspends organelles within the cell. OTHER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum A B Smooth ER C ribosome Which of the following would you most likely find in/on a prokaryotic cell? (you may choose more than one) (a) cytoplasm (b) DNA or RNA (c) nucleus (d) cell membrane (e) cell wall (f) cilia or flagella (g) mitochondria (h) Golgi bodies (i) Endoplasmic Reticulum (j) ribosomes mitochondria HINT: provides animal cells with energy Which of the following best sequences the cell parts involved in making a protein? (a) nucleus -> Golgi -> vesicle -> RER (b) RER -> vesicle -> Golgi -> nucleus (c) nucleus -> ribosome -> Golgi -> RER (d) nucleus -> RER -> vesicle -> Golgi HINT: found between the RER and the cell membrane Golgi 1. The information stored in DNA ____ is used to make proteins 2. The actual location of where a protein is made ribosome 3. DNA is found in this structure. nucleus 4. The general location of where a protein is made endoplasmic reticulum 5. This organelle is analogous to a post office because it sorts, modifies, and packages newly membrane proteins. Golgi HINT: Golgi, Endoplasmic Reticulum, DNA, Nucleus, Ribosome HINT: nuclear pores e nuclear membrane b nucleus a B DNA c C nucleolus d D A E 1. Transports items like proteins throughout the cell vesicles 2. Stores items like nutrients or waste vacuoles 3. Uses digestive enzymes to breakdown waste or nutrients lysosomes HINT: provides animal cells with structure and support cytoskeleton 3 difference between plant and animal cells: cell wall chloroplast large vacuole ribosomes A Fluid (mostly water) found within the cell; site of many chemical rxtns; suspends organelles in place Cytoplasm