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Transcript
Ch. 7 Cell Structure and Function Review Biology Name _____________________ Date _____________________ Period __________ Matching: Match the description with the letter of the correct term. Use CAPITAL letters. _____1. uses light to produce a magnified image _____2. modifies proteins prior to shipment out of the cell _____3. when an image appears larger _____4. measure of clarity _____5. uses electrons to magnify the surface of a cell _____6. regulates what enters and leaves a cell _____7. protrudes from cell’s surface and allows movement _____8. all living things are made of one or more cells _____9. converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen _____10. produces three dimensional images of living organisms _____11. structure on which proteins are made _____12. organism whose cells each have a nucleus _____13. houses the cell’s DNA _____14. carries out specific activities A. light microscope B. scanning electron microscope C. cell theory D. eukaryote E. prokaryote F. resolution G. nucleus H. mitochondria I. phospholipid J. cell wall K. cilia L. flagella M. plasma membrane N. magnification O. chloroplast P. ribosome Q. DNA R. cytoplasm S. organelle T. transmission electron microscope U. Golgi apparatus V. central vacuole W. peroxisome X. lysosome _____15. hair-like structures _____16. interior of the cell _____17. has a polar “head” and nonpolar “tails” _____18. single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus _____19. converts solar energy into chemical energy in the bonds of sugars _____20. may store water, pigments, or toxins _____21. provides support and protection for plant cells Identification of Structure and/or Function 22. What type of cell is displayed in figure 1? _____________________________________ G 23. Identify the labeled parts of this cell: A ___________________________________ F A B ___________________________________ B C ___________________________________ C D ___________________________________ E ___________________________________ D F ___________________________________ A H E G ___________________________________ H ___________________________________ *Make sure you know the function of each part. D 24. What type of cell is displayed in figure 2? _____________________________________ C E F G H B I J K L 25. Describe the function of the labeled parts of this cell: M A Figure 2 A _________________________________________________________________________ B _________________________________________________________________________ C _________________________________________________________________________ D _________________________________________________________________________ E _________________________________________________________________________ F _________________________________________________________________________ G _________________________________________________________________________ H _________________________________________________________________________ I __________________________________________________________________________ J _________________________________________________________________________ K ___________________________________________________________________ L ___________________________________________________________________ M ___________________________________________________________________ 26. What type of cell is displayed in figure 3? N _____________________________________ M A L 27. Identify the labeled parts of this cell: A ___________________________________ K B ___________________________________ B CC1 J CC2 C1 __________________________________ C2 __________________________________ D D ___________________________________ E E ___________________________________ F ___________________________________ G ___________________________________ F H ___________________________________ I G H I ___________________________________ J ___________________________________ K ___________________________________ Figure 3 L ___________________________________ M ___________________________________ N ___________________________________ 28. Describe the function of the following cell parts in figure 3. F ____________________________________________________________________________ I _____________________________________________________________________________ K ____________________________________________________________________________ N ____________________________________________________________________________ Multiple Choice: Read each question and circle the one best answer. 29. The surface area to volume ratio of a small cell is a. greater than that of a larger cell. d. not affected by the cell’s size. b. less than that of a larger cell. e. all of the above. c. equal to that of a larger cell. 30. As a cell becomes larger, its surface area to volume ratio a. increases d. becomes less important b. decreases e. triples c. stays the same 31. Despite differences in size and shape, all cells have cytoplasm and a. Cell wall c. Mitochondrion b. Cell membrane d. Nucleus 32. Which of the following would you NOT find in a bacterial cell? a. DNA d. ribosomes b. cell membrane e. all are found in a bacterial cell c. Golgi apparatus 32. Which of the following structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells? a. large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and cell wall b. large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and centrioles c. mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondria, centrioles, and cell walls e. centrioles and mitochondria 33. Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? a. chloroplast d. mitochondria b. rough ER e. ribosome c. chromatin 34. Which one of the following correctly pairs a plant cell structure with its function? a. Centrioles are hollow rods that shape and support a plant cell. b. The central vacuole consists of membranous sacs important in lipid synthesis and drug detoxification. c. Mitochondria contain most of the genes that control the cell. d. Microfilaments are thin, solid protein rods involved in cell shape. e. Ribosomal subunits are made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 35. A certain cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and other parts. Based on this information, it could not be _____. a. a bacterium d. a cell from a pine tree b. a yeast (fungus) cell e. it could be any of the above c. a grasshopper cell 36. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through _____. a. a microtubule d. the nucleus b. the Golgi apparatus e. the plasma membrane c. a ribosome 37. A plant cell was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the parts from which DNA is built. Later examination of the cell showed the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____. a. rough endoplasmic reticulum d. central vacuole b. lysosome e. nucleus c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 38. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. a. make a lot of ATP d. perform photosynthesis b. secrete a lot of material e. store large quantities of food c. move actively 39. A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The final protein in the plasma membrane was slightly different from the protein made by the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. a. Golgi apparatus c. mitochondrion b. smooth endoplasmic d. nucleus reticulum e. chloroplast 32. Which one of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes? a. The cell is unable to grow to a mature size and always remains small. b. The cell is unable to reproduce itself. c. The cell dies because its ATP-synthesizing mechanisms are missing. d. The cell becomes crowded with undegraded wastes. e. The cell dies from a lack of enzymes to mediate metabolic reactions. 40. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both _____; they are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, _____. a. have many internal membranes that increase their internal surface area ... are found in plants b. have an internal arrangement of microtubules ... also have centrioles c. deal with energy transformations ... are found only in eukaryotes d. have an inner membrane and outer membrane ... carry out photosynthesis e. have a double membrane ... contain DNA 41. The small dense region in the nucleus where assembly of ribosomes begins is called the a. Nucleolus c. Nuclear envelope b. Chloroplast d. Vacuole 42. The distinct, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information of the cell are called a. Microtubules c. Protein b. Chromosomes d. Mitochondrion 43. Which organelle converts the chemical energy in the bonds of food into a form of energy the cell can use? a. Nucleolus c. Micochondrion b. Chromatin d. Chloroplast 44. List the 3 principles of the cell theory: (1) _______________________________________________________________ (2) _______________________________________________________________ (3) _______________________________________________________________ 45. List the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.