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Biology Unit #3 – The Cell
STUDY GUIDE
Essential Skills:
3-1 Be able to identify the differences between a Prokaryote & Eukaryote cell and Plant & Animal cell.
3-2 Be able to explain how the following organelles function: Nucleus, Ribosome, Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic
Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus. (HS-LS1-2, 5 & 7)
3-3 Be able to give an example of a specialized type of animal cell and relate its structure to the type of tissue, organ and organ
system that it is found in. (HS-LS1-2)
3-4 Be able to explain the differences between Active vs. Passive transport and the process of Diffusion & Osmosis. (HS-LS1-3)
Review Questions:
1. What are the 5 characteristics of life? Why are cells the basic unit of life?
2. What macromolecules make up the cell membrane? Explain each of their uses in the membrane.
3. List at least 4 differences and 2 similarities between Prokaryote and Eukaryote cells.
4. Identify common examples of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in everyday life. Why do you think a virus can not be classified as a
prokaryote or a eukaryote?
5. What are the functions of the following organelles?
a. mitochondria
f. Lysosomes
b. ribosome
g. Cytoskeleton
c. endoplasmic reticulum
h. Nucleus
d. Golgi apparatus
i. Nucleolus
e. Vacuole
6. What are the 3 differences between plant cells and animal cells? Explain each of their functions.
7. Which 3 organelles are used in 1.) producing, 2.) packaging, and 3.) transporting proteins out of the cell?
8. How are the functions of the Mitochondria and Chloroplasts related to each other? How are they different?
9. Identification: Identify cells 1-3 as a Prokaryote, Plant or Animal Cell. Identify the organelles.
10. Draw a picture showing the structure of a cell membrane. Label the phospholipids, hydrophilic & hydrophobic portions and 2
types of membrane proteins.
11. Why is the cell membrane described as . . .
a.
selectively permeable –
b.
lipid bi-layer –
c.
fluid-mosiac –
12. Draw a picture that illustrates diffusion. Give 3 examples of diffusion experienced in everyday life.
13. Complete the following chart showing methods of transport in/out of the cell. Define each term.
I.
Passive Transport =
II.
Active Transport =
1. Diffusion =
1. Protein Pumps =
2. Osmosis =
2. Endocytosis =
3. Facilitated Diffusion =
3. Exocytosis =
14. Why do the size and charge of a molecule affect the molecules ability to diffuse across the cell membrane? Give examples.
15. Compare and contrast Osmosis vs. Diffusion. Compare and contrast Facilitated Diffusion vs. Protein Pumps.
16. Draw a picture showing how endocytosis occurs. Under what circumstance would a cell need to perform endocytosis?
Exocytosis?
17. Draw diagrams showing cells in hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solutions. Show concentrations in & out of cell, and draw
an arrow showing the direction water will move.
18. If a cell was soaked in corn syrup which direction would water move? If it was soaked in pure water which direction would it
move? Why?
19. Using the terms diffusion, molecules, and concentration gradient, explain how you can smell the perfume/cologne of someone
who is spraying it on themselves on the other side of the locker room.
20. Most fertilizers are applied in the form of salts. Why can too much fertilizer be harmful to plants?
21. Identify the following structures that would be found within the circulatory system:
a. Organs –
b. Tissues –
c. Types of specialized cells –