Download Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells Quiz Review • Draw, label, and

Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells Quiz Review
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Draw, label, and annotate a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell (both plant and animal) (study
you own drawings)
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotic cells
o DNA is not enclosed within a membrane and forms one circular chromosome
o Their DNA is not attached to proteins (free DNA).
o They lack membrane-bound organelles
o Their cell wall is made of peptidoglycan
o Usually divide by binary fission
o Small in size (1-10 µm)
o Ribosomes – 70S
State that prokaryotic cells divide by Binary Fission
o DNA is copied
o Cell elongates and DNA moves to opposite sides
o Cell splits in half, creating two identical daughter cells
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
o DNA is contained in a nucleus, and is seen as multiple linear chromosomes
o DNA is bound with proteins (called histones) to form chromatin
o Contain membrane-bound organelles
o Cell wall in plants made of cellulose; Cell walls in Fungi made of chitin
o Divide by mitosis/meiosis
o Larger in size (10-100 µm)
o Ribosomes – 80S
Compare/Contrast Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic
DNA is circular chromosome
DNA attached not attached to proteins
DNA in cytoplasm as nucleoid (no nucleus)
No mitochondria
No membrane bound organelles
70S ribosomes
Smaller than 10 micrometers
Eukaryotic
DNA is linear chromosomes
DNA attached to proteins
DNA in nucleus
Mitochondria
Membrane bound organelles
80S ribosomes
Larger Than 10 micrometers
Both
Have plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Plants and Fungi have cell wall, All prokaryotic cells have cell wall
Both carry out functions of life
DNA is present in both
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Describe the functions of following Cell Components/Organelles:
o Cell/Plasma membrane (Both): is selectively permeable and controls the entry and exit
of materials in and out of the cell.
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Cytoplasm (Both): liquid portion of cell that occupies the interior of the cell. Contains all
organelles and enzymes for chemical reactions.
Cell wall (prokaryotic & plant cell): provides structure, protection, and regulates uptake
of water in plant cells.
Nucleoid (prokaryotic): bundle of DNA in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. Controls
functions of cell and cell division/reproduction.
Pili (prokaryotic): allows for connections between bacteria cells and sexual
reproduction.
Flagella (prokaryotic): tail-like structure that allows for movement of cells.
Plasmid (prokaryotic): small, independent loop of DNA that replicates on its own. Use to
help the cell adapt to new surroundings.
Ribosomes (Both): produces proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough): produces and transports molecules within
the cell.
Golgi Apparatus: collects, modifies, and distributes materials made inside the cell. Can
ship things inside and outside the cell.
Lysosomes: digestive center of the cell that breaks down macromolecules and recycles
old, damaged organelles.
Mitochondria: produces usable energy called ATP through metabolic reactions.
Chloroplasts (plant): absorbs light and performs photosynthesis.
Vacuoles (plant): large storage organelles that can store water, food, and waste
products.
Centrosomes/Centrioles: controls the production of microtubules, which provide
structure, allow for movement, and are necessary for cell division.
Nucleus: controls the functions of the cell by controlling protein synthesis. It is also
responsible for cell division and reproduction.
Compare/Contrast Plant & Animal Cells
Plants
Contains plasma membrane and cell wall
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
Large central vacuole
No centrioles
Carbs stored as starch
Rigid, fixed, inflexible shape
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Animals
Only plasma membrane (no cell wall)
No chloroplasts and only a mitochondria
Small or non-existent vacuole
Contains centrioles
Carbs stored as glycogen
Flexible, rounded shape
Explain how surface area to volume ratio influences cell size.
Large cells have a small surface area to volume ratio and are inefficient. Small cells have a large surface
area to volume ratio and are very efficient. If a cell becomes too large and inefficient, it will divide to
form two smaller, more efficient cells with large surface area to volume ratios.