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Class Notes
Protein Synthesis
The function of DNA
•
•
A _______
gene is a coded section of DNA; it tells our cells how to build specific
_____________.
proteins
The codes for specific amino acids are found in a sequence of three nucleotides
codon
called a _________.
The amino acids made from _______
codons will join together to make proteins.
•
Nucleus
Because _____
DNA is so large, it is stuck inside the _____________.
•
Questions
Where do the instructions
for synthesizing proteins
come from?
•
nucleus
It needs a messenger to move the information from _______________
to
ribosomes
protein production locations (________________!)
DNA needs RNA
•
•
ribosomes
nucleic acid
DNA and ____________
RNA is a ______________
___ messenger between ______
RNA
3 differences between ______
DNA and _______:
ribose sugar
RNA has __________________
single stranded
RNA is ____________________
uracil (U) instead of
RNA contains a nitrogen base called __________
thymine
__________.
Compare and Contrast
*double stranded
*contains thymine
*contains deoxyribose
sugar
* found only in nucleus
*single strand
*contains uracil
*made of
*contains ribose sugar
nucleotides
*contains A *found in nucleus and
cytoplasm
G and C
base pairs
I am double stranded with
a deoxyribose sugar and
contain thymine instead of
uracil. Who am I?
Use the DNA Strand to
complete the mRNA
strand below:
DNA:
TTAGGAGCTACG
RNA:
______________________
Types of RNA
•
Messenger RNA (mRNA):
nucleus
– Copies ________
in the __________
and carries the info to the
DNA
ribosomes
_____________
(in cytoplasm)
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
– makes up a large part of the ______________;
reads and decodes
ribosome
mRNA
Transfer
• ______________
RNA (tRNA):
– carries _______________to
the ribosome where they are joined to
amino acids
form ________________.
Proteins
Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis
• ____________________
is the assembly of amino acids (by RNA) into proteins
• Involves two steps:
transcription
• 1.__________________–
copying DNA code into mRNA
translation
• 2. __________________– reading the ______
mRNAcode and assembling
________________
into
a
polypeptide
chain
(__________)
amino acids
proteins
Does the diagram
represent DNA or RNA?
…how can you tell?
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
Where can RNA be found?
______________________
______________________
______________________
Transcription
mRNA
 Performed in nucleus by __________.
reads
 mRNA “_________”
single DNA strand and forms the complementary copy.
How transcription works
enzyme
1. DNA strand splits, with the help of an _____________
called
DNA helicase
_______________.
*This exposes the active strand
active strand
mRNA nucleotides line up opposite the ____________,
2. Complementary ________
forming mRNA
Translation
ribosomes
• Translation occurs in ____________________
(in cytoplasm)
•
RNA
translation
All three types of ________
work together during ______________
to produce
proteins
___________.
What bond is being
broken by DNA helicase in
between the nitrogen
bases?
______________________
______________________
______________________
Decoding mRNA (translation)
mRNA
• The sequence of bases in an _________
molecule serves as instructions for the
polypeptide
order in which amino acids are joined to produce a _______________.
•
codons
Ribosomes decode the instructions by using __________,
sets of 3 bases that
each code for 1 amino acid.
•
Each codon is matched to an anticodon, or complementary sequence on the
tRNA
________
to determine the order of the amino acids.
Using a codon chart
•
•
codon chart
A ____________________
is used to determine the sequence of the
amino
acids
_____________ in the __________________.
polypeptide
The sets of 3 ________
bases
(_________)
mRNA
Codons are used to find the amino acid
In RNA, What nitrogen
base replaces Thymine?
______________________
______________________
______________________
Practice
Example 1:
DNA:TAC GCA TGG AAT
RNA:
______________________
Amino Acid:
______________________
Example 2:
DNA: CGT GGA GAT ATT
RNA:
______________________
Amino Acid:
______________________
Example 3:
Find a partner!
DNA:
______________________
RNA:
______________________
Amino Acid:
______________________