Download Biology Notes 1 and 2

Cellular Processes
Grade 9 Science
Understanding Mitosis
305-01
Recognize that the nucleus of a cell contains
genetic information and determine cellular
processes
109-14
Explain the importance of using the term gene
and chromosome properly
Cell Theory Overview
• All living organisms are made of ______
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in all organisms
• All cells come from _________
• __________
Inside Cells
• There are 2 kinds of cells: animal and vegetable
• All cells contain organelles: _________
• The main difference between plant and animal
cells: ____________
Organelles
Structure
Job
Command centre, stores DNA
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
Manufacturers, workers
Cell membrane
Contains and separates the cell components
Cytoplasm
Jelly material inside the cell (fills the space)
Endoplasmic
recticulum
Like a road system, transports materials to different
parts
Makes energy from nutrients
Golgi bodies
Package useful material for use outside of the cells
Vacuoles
Storehouse: water, food, waste etc…
Breakdown/digest food and other wastes ( like old cell
pieces)
The Nucleus
• The nucleus contains DNA
• DNA are strands of protein-like material that
contain genetic information (genes)
Bill Nye!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJNej_UD
Bug
• Complete your Bill Nye Questions in pairs or
groups of 3
Mitosis!
Introduction
Part 2
Mitosis
•
•
•
•
The process of cell reproduction and division
Mitosis is needed for __________
__________
Cells must replicate their genetic material before
division
• Phases of mitosis: ________
Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwcwSZIfK
lM
• Please take note of what is happening during
each phase
Pre-Mitosis
• The DNA inside the cell nucleus must
replicate
• The strands of DNA coil tightly into
chromosomes
• ___________
Prophase
• The DNA is already doubled, and are packed
tightly
• _______
• Spindle fibers come from the centrioles and
attach to opposite sides of the centromeres
• ____________
• ___________
Metaphase
• The spindle fibers position all of the
chromosomes at the middle of the cell
• _______________
Anaphase
• The spindle fibers contract, the chromosomes
are divided in 2
• __________
Telophase
•
•
•
•
Final phase
____________
Spindle fibers disappear (not needed)
Nuclear membranes begin to reform around the
chromosomes, they unravel
• _____________
Practice Questions
1. Summarize cell theory.
2. What is an organelle? How are the organelles
of plants and animals different?
3. What does the nucleus contain and who is si
important?
4. If you were to take a single celled organism and
remove the nucleus, what do you predict would
happen to the organism?
Practice Questions
1. What is the difference between a chromosome and
gene?
2. What happen in the nucleus before it can undergo
mitosis?
3. What is the function of mitosis?
4. Look up “cell interphase”. What happens during
this stage of the cell cycle?
5. Why does the nuclear membrane break down in
mitosis?
6. What cell part controls the process of mitosis?
Mitosis Snapshot!
• Each student needs to complete a Mitosis
Snapshot!
• You have 4 snapshots, 1 for each stage of mitosis
• For each stage, draw a diagram what represents
an important event at that stage