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Transcript
Cellular Processes Grade 9 Science Understanding Mitosis 305-01 Recognize that the nucleus of a cell contains genetic information and determine cellular processes 109-14 Explain the importance of using the term gene and chromosome properly Cell Theory Overview • All living organisms are made of ______ • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms • All cells come from _________ • __________ Inside Cells • There are 2 kinds of cells: animal and vegetable • All cells contain organelles: _________ • The main difference between plant and animal cells: ____________ Organelles Structure Job Command centre, stores DNA Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Manufacturers, workers Cell membrane Contains and separates the cell components Cytoplasm Jelly material inside the cell (fills the space) Endoplasmic recticulum Like a road system, transports materials to different parts Makes energy from nutrients Golgi bodies Package useful material for use outside of the cells Vacuoles Storehouse: water, food, waste etc… Breakdown/digest food and other wastes ( like old cell pieces) The Nucleus • The nucleus contains DNA • DNA are strands of protein-like material that contain genetic information (genes) Bill Nye! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJNej_UD Bug • Complete your Bill Nye Questions in pairs or groups of 3 Mitosis! Introduction Part 2 Mitosis • • • • The process of cell reproduction and division Mitosis is needed for __________ __________ Cells must replicate their genetic material before division • Phases of mitosis: ________ Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwcwSZIfK lM • Please take note of what is happening during each phase Pre-Mitosis • The DNA inside the cell nucleus must replicate • The strands of DNA coil tightly into chromosomes • ___________ Prophase • The DNA is already doubled, and are packed tightly • _______ • Spindle fibers come from the centrioles and attach to opposite sides of the centromeres • ____________ • ___________ Metaphase • The spindle fibers position all of the chromosomes at the middle of the cell • _______________ Anaphase • The spindle fibers contract, the chromosomes are divided in 2 • __________ Telophase • • • • Final phase ____________ Spindle fibers disappear (not needed) Nuclear membranes begin to reform around the chromosomes, they unravel • _____________ Practice Questions 1. Summarize cell theory. 2. What is an organelle? How are the organelles of plants and animals different? 3. What does the nucleus contain and who is si important? 4. If you were to take a single celled organism and remove the nucleus, what do you predict would happen to the organism? Practice Questions 1. What is the difference between a chromosome and gene? 2. What happen in the nucleus before it can undergo mitosis? 3. What is the function of mitosis? 4. Look up “cell interphase”. What happens during this stage of the cell cycle? 5. Why does the nuclear membrane break down in mitosis? 6. What cell part controls the process of mitosis? Mitosis Snapshot! • Each student needs to complete a Mitosis Snapshot! • You have 4 snapshots, 1 for each stage of mitosis • For each stage, draw a diagram what represents an important event at that stage