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HAPPY TUESDAY Fill in the blanks Central Dogma 1.DNA 2.RNA 4.Transcription 5. Nucleus Protein 3. Translation Ribosome Remember this from yesterday?? Central Dogma DNA RNA Transcription Nucleus Protein Translation Ribosome Standard: explain the purpose and process of…translation Essential Question: What is translation and what is its purpose? Remember this from yesterday?? Central Dogma DNA RNA Transcription Nucleus Protein Translation Ribosome Translation Intro Central Dogma Analogy DNA = master copy of building plans mRNA= blueprint for one room of building Protein= actual bricks that make up the building Nucleus = boss’ office Ribosome = job site (where the building is actually built) Translation: • The decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain • occurs on a ribosome (OUTSIDE the nucleus) Steps: 1. mRNA travels to the ribosome 2. transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome 3. polypeptide (protein) is formed How does tRNA know which amino acid to bring? Codon: three consecutive mRNA bases Anticodon: three complementary tRNA bases •tRNA looks for the codon that pairs with its anticodon • the ribosome takes the amino acid and attaches it to the polypeptide chain ORDER MATTERS! order of DNA bases order of RNA bases order of amino acids what protein is made tRNA Amino acids mRNA How to use the Codon Chart: 1. Use the left side to find the first letter in the codon 2. Use the top to find the second letter in the codon 3. Use the right side to find the third letter of the codon 4. Go to where ALL three overlap on the chart Did you notice?: The codon “AUG” can specify methionine or serve as the “start” codon for protein synthesis. How to use the Codon Wheel: 1. Begin in the middle with the first letter of the codon 2. Go outward to the second letter in the codon 3. Go outward again to the third letter in the codon. What other codons will tell the ribosome to stop putting amino acids together? What DNA sequences will give you these codes? Codon Bingo! Directions For Playing: If a codon (example: AAG) is called out, you must find the amino acid. If an amino acid (example: serine) is called out, you must find the codon. Hint! When finding a codon, there may be more than one answer…you can count all possible answers on your card!