Download Cell - WordPress.com

-Cell is the basic functional and structural
unit of life
-Smallest unit capable of maintaining
independent life
- Organelles are suspended in the cytosol
which is embounded by cell membrane
Cell
Cell membrane
Organelles
Membranous
Cytoplasm
Non-membranous
Cell membrane
Function
-Separates and protects the cell
-Controls in the movement of molecules across
the cell
-Involves in a variety of cellular processes such
as cell adhesion, ion channel conductance
and cell signaling
Structure
-Phospholipd bilayer
-Protein are imbedded with in the
membrane
-Each phospholipids has a head and tail
region arranged with the heads at ends
Cytoplasm
- Jellylike substance where organelles are located.
-Also found within are organic/inorganic chemicals,
inclusion bodies
-Medium for biochemical reactions
Cell organelles
Membranous organelles
Examples; -Nucleus
-Endoplasmic reticulum{Er}
-Golgi apparatus
-Mitochondria,
-Lysosome
Nucleus
- Largest
membrane-bound organelle in the
center of most cells.
-Control protein synthesis and genetic material
-The nucleus is surrounded by nuclear envelope
which form circular openings called nuclear
pores
-Nucleolus lies in the nucleus, produce ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
-(ER) is collectively a continuous network of outer membrane
of the nuclear envelop
-Granular/rough endoplasmic reticulum involves in packaging
proteins
-Agranular/smooth ER lacks ribosome, is the site of lipid,
carbohydrate…..synthesis and also detoxifies
Golgi apparatus
-The apparatus is usually located near the nucleus and
ER
-The Golgi body further packages/stores proteins and
carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for
"export".
- Flattened, layered, sac-like organelle.
Mitochondria
- Most important structure
-Site of energy production (ATP)
-Surrounded by two membranes, the outer
membrane is smooth while the inner is
folded into tubular structures called
cristae.
Lysosomes
-Bound by a single membrane and contain highly
acidic fluid.
-The fluid acts as digesting enzymes for breaking down
bacteria and cell debris.
Vacuoles
-“Bubbles" of material in the cell.
Non-membranous organelles
Ribosomes
-Assemble proteins from RNA codes.
-They are found free-floating in the cytoplasm
throughout the cell or attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum
cytoskeleton
Is a filamentous network to maintain /change cell shape and
produce movements.
-Microfilaments are the thinnest and most abundant of the
cytoskeleton proteins.
-Intermediate filaments are slightly larger
-Microtubules are hollow tubes composed of a
called tubulin.
protein
Microvilli
-Hair-like
motile extensions on the surface
of some cells.
-Contractile protein which help to propel
movement
Cell division
-Cell
division is the process by which a parent
cell divides into two or more daughter cells
-Majorly can occur through two processes
( mitosis and meiosis)