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Transcript
Name _____________________________ Period: _____ Ch. 2.1 Test Review Internal Environment of Organisms Organelle My Biology test is on: ______________________________ Description Function Animal, Plant or Both CELL WALL Rigid, tough, made of cellulose Protects and supports the cell Plant CELL MEMBRANE Thin, covering, protects cells Protects the cell, performs active transport and passive transport, moves materials in and out of the cell, communication Both CYTOPLASM Jelly like substance that contains organelles Pads and supports organelles inside the cell. Both NUCLEUS Dense, ball shaped structure, contains DNA Controls all of the cell’s activities Both NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Thin covering over the nucleus Covers and protects the nucleus Both ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Clear, tubular system of tunnels throughout the cell Transports materials like proteins around the cell Both RIBOSOME Small specks made of RNA. Found in cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum Makes proteins Both MITOCHONDRIA Location in the cytoplasm, bean shaped Supplies energy or ATP for the cell through cell respiration using glucose and oxygen Both VACUOLE Large open storage area, smaller in animal cells Storage tank for food, water, wastes or enzymes Both CHLOROPLAST Green structures that contain chlorophyll Captures sunlight and uses it to produce food through photosynthesis Plant GOLGI BODY Small bags with tubes connecting them Packages and secrets proteins for use in and out of the cell Both LYOSOME Small, round structures, containing enzymes Digests older cell parts, food or other objects Animal Chapter 2.1 Test Review CENTRIOLE Small cylindrical Used with the spindle apparatus during mitosis Animal Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part may be used more than once. Structure/Function Cell Part Stores material within the cell VACUOLE Site of photosynthesis CHLOROPLAST The sites of protein synthesis RIBOSOMES Jelly-like substance in the cell CYTOPLASM Provides energy for cell: site for cellular respiration MITOCHONDRIA Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell NUCLEUS Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color CHLOROPLAST Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria LYSOSOME Small bumps located on portions of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum RIBOSOMES Produces lipids SMOOTH ER Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests CELL WALL Produces a usable form of energy for the cell MITOCHONDRIA Packages proteins for transport out of the cell GOLGI BODIES The membrane surrounding the cell CELL MEMBRANE Provides support for the cell (plant cell only) CELL WALL Composed of a phospholipid bilayer CELL MEMBRANE Put a check in the appropriate column(s) to indicate whether the following organelles are found in plant cells, animal cells or both. Page 2 Name _____________________________ Period: _____ Ch. 2.1 Test Review Internal Environment of Organisms My Biology test is on: ______________________________ Plant Animal Organelle Cells Cells Organelle Plant Cells Animal Cells Cell Wall X Mitochondria X X Chloroplast X Nucleus X X Cytoplasm X X Plasma membrane X X Endoplasmic reticulum X X Central vacuole X X Golgi bodies X X Ribosome X X Lysosome X Centrioles X Describe the work or discoveries of each of the following scientists: PAGE 93 Hooke Coined the term “cell” Schleiden Concluded all plants are made up of cells Schwann Concluded all animals are made up of cells Virchow New cells could only be produced from the division of pre-existing cells First to refine lens of a microscope to observe things with a magnification over 200x the actual size van Leeuwenhoek **Put a star next to the scientist above that is known as the Father of Microscopy.** What are the three parts of the cell theory? 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the most basic unit of life (Structure & function) 3. All Cells come from pre-existing cells In what organelle does cellular respiration take place? Mitochondria What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis? Ribosomes & Rough ER How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis? DNA is contained in the nucleus, then it is sent out into the ribosomes which is then assembled into proteins Chapter 2.1 Test Review What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found attached to another organelle? OR both. Explain why this occurs. Site for protein synthesis, free floating and attached to another organelle What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in each case? Smooth ER : Acts as a storage organelle. It is important in the creation and storage of lipids. Looks like tubes Rough ER: Synthesis and packaging of proteins. Looks like sheets or disks of bumpy membranes What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome? Contains digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole? To digestive & break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies? Ribosomes/Proteins What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the cell? Necessary for animal cell division What is the difference between a simple and compound microscope? A simple microscope uses only 1 lens. A compound microscope has 2 or more lenses How does the electron microscope differ? It can magnify up to 10,000,000x. What is the difference between the scanning and transmission electron microscopes? TEM can magnify a sample up to 1 million times and SEM can magnify a sample up to 100,000 times. Page 4