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PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Chapter 7 What’s a cell? The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m bcWGU8fpxA&feature=related Cell Membrane The outer layer of the cell. Acts as a semipermeable boundary between inside and outside allowing only certain things to pass through. Cell Wall ONLY IN PLANT CELLS Provides structure and protection Cilia & Flagellum Provides movement for cells. Cilia- Small, many Flagellum- Large, few Cytoskeleton Provides structure to cell and acts as pathways for organelle movement Cytoplasm Thick, jelly-like fluid inside the cell that protects and supports organelles Golgi Body Modifies, transports and exports proteins Vacuole Fluid filled organelle that stores food, water and toxins in cells Largest plant cell organelle Lysosome Mostly found in animal cells Digests large molecules and old cell parts into smaller ones Mitochondria Breaks down sugars to release energy through respiration Chloroplasts ONLY IN PLANT CELLS Uses photosynthesis to convert light, H2O and CO2 into glucose (energy) Endoplasmic Reticulum Carries material through cell Aids in making proteins Ribosome Produces proteins for the cell, located either on ER or freely floating. Thousands in cell, makes up around 25% cell mass. Nucleus Controls all cell activity and contains hereditary information (DNA) Nuclear Envelope Controls the movement of all materials in and out of the nucleus Nucleolus Produces ribosomes. A single nucleus may have more than one.
