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Transcription and Translation Review Lesson Plan Name: Robert Wallon Class/Subject: Biology Date: 2/6/09 Student Objectives/Student Outcomes: Explain how messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA are involved in the transcription and translation of genes. Describe how the code of DNA is translated into messenger RNA and is utilized to synthesize a particular protein. Content Standards: Illinois State Science Standard 12.A.4a Explain how genetic combinations produce visible effects and variations among visible features and cellular functions of organisms. National Science Education Standard B. Grades 9-12. The Molecular Basis of Heredity. In all organisms, the instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism are carried in DNA, a large polymer formed from subunits of four kinds (A, G, C, and T). The chemical and structural properties of DNA explain how the genetic information that underlies heredity is both encoded in genes (as a string of molecular ''letters") and replicated (by a templating mechanism). Each DNA molecule in a cell forms a single chromosome. Materials/Resources/Technology: Projector Computer, with animations loaded Concept maps (160 copies) Snork activity Form A (80 copies) Snork activity Form B (80 copies) Notecards (160 count) Teacher’s Goals (optional): Time 2 min Start of Class: Starting Questions 1. What is the importance of proteins in the body? Answer: They have structural and enzymatic functions. 2. What does transfer RNA carry? Answer: Each tRNA carries an amino acid. 10 min Introduction of Lesson: Animations 1. Transcription Show animation once Replay animation; ask a student to describe what is happening. 2. Translation Show animation once Replay animation; ask a student to describe what is happening. 10 min 20 min Lesson Instruction: 1. Concept Map Distribute concept map sheets (1 per student) Explain directions Allow students to work independently to complete concept map Go over concept map together; question students for answers 2. Snork Activity modified from http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/snorks.html Distribute Activity sheets (Form A to half of class, Form B to other half) Go through directions together Allow students time to complete the table and draw their snorks Assessments/Checks for Understanding: Review Answers to Concept Map During Snork Activity Circulate around the room and assess student understanding from the chart they fill in. Collect Tickets out 5 min Closure/Wrap-Up/Review: Ticket out Have students write answers to these questions on a notecard. 1. What do you call the process of making a protein from mRNA code? 2. What do you call the process of making mRNA from DNA code? 3. What is different between mRNA and tRNA? Self-Assessment (optional): Name: Protein Synthesis Graphic Organizer Period: Directions: Use the word bank to fill in each blank space on this graphic organizer. Each term in the word bank is used at least one time. WORD BANK amino acid codon mRNA nucleus ribosome rRNA transcription translation tRNA Name: Period: How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism? Introduction: In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism: the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with 6 genes on it. Your job is to analyze the genes of the Snork's DNA and determine what traits the organism has. tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid # Amino Acid Sequence Trait ACC 20 20-11-13 Hairless AGC 16 20-12-13 Hairy CGA 2 20-21-21 Plump AAC 4 13-14-15 Skinny CGC 3 16-2-5 4 legged GGG 5 16-4-5 2 legged AGG 7 12-7-8 Round head AAA 8 5-7-8 Block head UUU 9 9-8-8 No tail GGU 12 9-4-8 Tail UAU 13 11-3-2 Square eyes CCC 1 11-3-3 Round eyes AUC 6 6-6-10 Long legs CUA 10 6-6-4 Short legs GGA 11 Observations and Analysis of Snork DNA You are given a chromosome from a Snork with the following sequence. Each gene has only 3 amino acids. Your job is to determine the sequence of amino acids for your specimen. Write the complimentary mRNA and tRNA Anticodon sequence in the chart below. Use the table on the previous page to write the Amino Acid # and Trait. DNA ACCGGTTAT|AGCCGAGGG|TTTAACAAA|GGACGCCGA|GGGAGGAAA|ATCATCCTA mRNA tRNA Amino Acid # Trait Draw your Snork in the space below. Be creative, but be sure to depict the traits you discovered above. A Observations and Analysis of Snork DNA You are given a chromosome from a Snork with the following sequence. Each gene has only 3 amino acids. Your job is to determine the sequence of amino acids for your specimen. Write the complimentary mRNA and tRNA Anticodon sequence in the chart below. Use the table on the previous page to write the Amino Acid # and Trait. DNA ACCGGATAT|AGCAACGGG|TTTAAAAAA|GGACGCCGC|GGTAGGAAA|ATCATCAAC mRNA tRNA Amino Acid # Trait Draw your Snork in the space below. Be creative, but be sure to depict the traits you discovered above. B