Download Structure and Function of the Cell

Structure and Function of the Cell
Study Guide
1. Explain prokaryotic v. eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic – single cell organism with no nucleus or membrane bound
organelles
Eukaryotic – multi cell organism where cells have a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles
2. Describe the cell membrane.
A phospholipid bi-layer embedded with transport proteins that allow for the
passage of substances into and out of the cell
3. An organelle is a structure within a cell that performs a specific function.
4. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Acts as a path of transport for proteins;
SER stores carbs and lipids, and detoxifies poisons or toxins
RER holds ribosomes, stores proteins, puts proteins in vesicles to send them to
other cells
5. What is the function of mitochondria?
To convert food into energy
6. What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Processing, packaging and secreting
7. Ribosomes are made up of RNA. They are synthesized in the nucleolus.
Ribosomes are the site of protein systhesis. Some ribosomes float freely in
the cell and other attach themselves to the endoplasmic reticulum.
8. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that store nutrients, water, and waste.
9. What is the function of the nucleus?
Where DNA and RNA are made
10. Lysosomes are digestive enzymes of the cell.
11. What is the function of chloroplasts? Where are they found?
Site of photosynthesis; found in plant cells
12. What is the correct order of cellular organization of living things from
simplest to the most complex?
Cell
tissue
organ
organ system
13. How do you find the total magnification when using a microscope?
(Ocular lens magnification) X (objective lens magnification)
14. Why are cells shaped differently?
Cell shape is related to cell function
15. List 3 organelles that are found in plant cells and NOT in animal cells.
a. cell wall
b. chloroplasts
c. thylakoid
16. Ribosomes that are floating freely in the cell are making proteins for that
cell, and ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are
making proteins for other cells.
17. Explain how ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi apparatus
function together in protein synthesis.
Ribosomes make proteins that pass through the endoplasmic reticulum
and on to the golgi apparatus where they are processed, packaged and
then secreted through the cell membrane to be used in other cells
27. Label the cell below:
S.E.R.
nucleus
golgi apparatus
mitochondria
lysosome
golgi apparatus
R.E.R.
nucleolus
cytoskeleton
cell membrane