Download Flagellum/Cillium

Flagellum (Cilium)
AJ SCIELZO
Prokaryotic Flagella

Long, threadlike structures protruding from the outside surface of the
cell

Main function is movement

Prokaryotic flagella are protein fibers that extend from the cell

Multiple depending on the species
Prokaryote cont’d

Using the flagella, some bacteria can “swim” up to 70 cell lengths
per second.

The bacteria rotates the flagella like screws to move.

The rotary motor uses the energy stored in a gradient that transfers
protons across the plasma membrane to power the movement of
the flagellum.

This same process is used in the eukaryotic mitochondria and
chloroplasts by an enzyme that synthesizes ATP.

Some protists have cilia which are basically smaller scale flagellum
Prokaryotic Cells
Flagellum
Eukaryotic Flagella

A lash-like appendage sticking out of the cell

Primary function is locomotion, but is also a sensory organelle
reacting to chemicals and temperature outside the cell.

Example: sperm cell
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Flagellum

The flagella is unique and differs from prokaryotic to eukaryotic.

They differ in protein composition, structure, and methods of
propulsion.
Methods of Propulsion
Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic
They use their flagellum in a screw-  These cells move the flagellum
back and forth lashing it around to
like motion and propel the cell
propel the cell.
that way.
Flagella v
Cilia