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2 Types of Cells:
1. Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic-Also called bacteria.
World’s smallest cell.
Do not have a nucleus.
No membrane covered organelles.
Circular DNA
Eukaryotic Cells:
Complicated
Internal
structure
Contain a
nucleus
Membrane
covered
organelles
Linear DNA
Organelles – “Little Organs”
Cell structures
that carry out
specific jobs
in cells.
Parts of a Cell-Organelles
• Lysosomes
• Golgi Apparatus
• Chloroplasts
Chloropyhll
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Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Cytoskeleton
The structure and function of cells
1. Cell wall- Plants only!
Support and protection,
Strong and stiff.
Made of cellulose.
2.Cell membrane- Both
Plants—just inside cell
wall
Animals—outer covering
of cell
Made of phospholipids
DOOR
4 jobs of the cell membrane:
Support and protection for the cell
Openings called pores in the membrane
Allow waste material to pass out of the ce
Controls movement of things
in and out of cell
Forms a barrier between the
inside and outside of the cell.
Clear, thick, jellylike substance
3. Cytoplasm
b/tween nucleus and cell membrane.
Both
Constantly moves. Organelles float here.
CUSHION
4.Cytoskeleton
STRUCTURE
Web of proteins in cytoplasm.
Acts as skeleton. Keeps cell
membrane from collapsing.
BOTH
Control center or
“brain” of the
cell that regulates
or controls all
activities of the cell.
Inside Nuclear Membrane
5. Nucleus: BRAIN
Nucleolus—
Makes ribosomes
Chromosomes-Humans-46
Genes
DNA
Genetic material
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum- INTERSTATE SYSTEM
BOTH
Smooth ER & Rough ER (ribosomes attached)
Clear, tubular passageways in the cell through
which substances are transported. Proteins and
fats made here and carried around the cell.
7. Ribosomes-
PROTEIN MAKER
BOTH
Site of protein synthesis
Found through out the cell—also attached to the
surface of the endoplasmic reticulum
8.Mitochondria
POWERHOUSE
BOTH
Cell’s energy factory!
Place where sugar is
broken down to release
energy
This process is called
Cellular respiration.
Energy is called—
ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate)
9. Lysosomes- CLEAN-UP CREW
Mostly animals!
Digestion takes place here!
Contains enzymes that
break down food.
Digested food-sent to
mitochondria to provide
energy to the cell.
Also digests old cell parts—
lysosomes “eat” them.
2 examples:
Frog’s tail, our fingers
10. Golgi Apparatus- UPS of cell
BOTH
• Packages and
transports
materials out of
the cell.
11. Vacuoles- STORAGE CENTER
BOTH
Food, water, and waste
are stored here
In plants, when the
vacuoles are
full of water, they swell
and make
the plant firm.
Gives flowers their colors!
12. Chloroplasts
FOOD PRODUCER
Plant cells only!!
Photosynthesis takes
places here!!
Chlorophyll—captures
sun’s energy converts
it into food for the cell!
Glucose-simple sugar made
during this process
Large vacuole
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
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Classwork!
• Complete a DLCD (Draw, Label , Color, and
Define) of an animal and plant cell from
pages 56-57 in your science book.
• First draw or sketch out plant and animal
cell with pencil first.
• Next, label ALL parts of both cells and give
a BRIEF description of each on the back,
bottom, or sides of your DLC.
• Last, please color both cells.
• Not homework. Put in folders at end of
class.