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Transcript
NAME ______________________________ VOCAB Chapter 7- TRANSPORT SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (=SEMI-PERMEABLE): Refers to membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through but keep other molecules out EQUILIBRIUM: A state that exists when the CONCENTRATION of a substance IS THE SAME throughout a space CONCENTRATION: mass of a dissolved substance in a given volume OSMOTIC PRESSURE: Pressure exerted against a semi-permeable membrane caused by water moving by osmosis ACTIVE TRANSPORT: Process that REQUIRES ENERGY to move molecules across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient (moves molecules from lower concentration → higher concentration) PASSIVE TRANSPORT: Process that moves molecules across a cell membrane WITHOUT USING ENERGY DIFFUSION: Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated OSMOSIS: The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane FACILITATED DIFFUSION: movement of specific molecules across cell membranes with the help of protein channels and carriers EXOCYTOSIS: A process in which a cell releases large amounts of material when a VESICLE inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the OUTSIDE ENDOCYTOSIS: Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane and enclosing it in a VESICLE PINOCYTOSIS: Process by which a cell takes in liquid or small dissolved molecules from the surrounding environment and encloses it in a vesicle PHAGOCYTOSIS: process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles or whole cells and take them into the cell in a vesicle VESICLE - A small membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell used to transport substances around within a cell or contain them during exocytosis or endocytosis CARRIER PROTEIN: An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN that moves molecules PASSIVELY across cell membranes by attaching, CHANGING SHAPE, and flipping to the other side like a revolving door AQUAPORIN: An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN that provides a passageway/tunnel across the cell membrane through which WATER molecules can diffuse PASSIVELY during osmosis ION CHANNEL: An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN that provides a passageway/tunnel across the cell membrane through which IONS can diffuse PASSIVELY SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP: (also called Na+-K+ pump) A MEMBRANE PROTEIN that uses energy from ATP to ACTIVELY transport two K + ions INTO and three Na+ ions OUT of cells PROTON PUMP: (also called H+ pump) A MEMBRANE PROTEIN that uses energy to ACTIVELY transport hydrogen ions (H +) across a cell membrane HYPOTONIC: Describes a solution in which the solute concentration OUTSIDE a cell IS LESS THAN the concentration INSIDE ISOTONIC: Describes a solution in which the solute concentration OUTSIDE EQUALS the concentration INSIDE a cell HYPERTONIC: Describes a solution in which the solute concentration OUTSIDE IS GREATER THAN the concentration INSIDE a cell PLASM0LYSIS: The shrinking away of the cell membrane from the cell wall in a plant cell when placed in a HYPERTONIC environment CYTOLYSIS: The swelling and bursting of an animal cell when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution CRENATION: The shrinking of animal cells when placed in an hypertonic solution SOLUTE: Substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution SOLVENT: Substance in which a solute is dissolved HOMEOSTASIS: Cells try to maintain stable internal conditions