Download DNA Jeopardy Review

DNA
From
Replication Gene to
Protein
DNA
Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
Tech &
Genome
Genome
Hodge Podge
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
When during the cell cycle is DNA
copied?
S phase of the cell cycle
What needs to attach first before
DNA can copy itself?
A primer molecule
Which direction does DNA copy
and with what enzyme?
5’ to 3’ direction with DNA
Polymerase (III)
Besides DNA polymerase, name
two other enzymes needed for
replication or maintenance of the
chromosome and give their function
Ligase-joins fragments of DNA
Helicase-unwinds the DNA
Topoisomerase- relieves the stress
on the twist of the DNA
Primase-adds the RNA primer
Telomerase-adds repetitive
sequences to the ends of DNA
Draw a replication bubble and label:
origin of replication, replication
fork, primer, leading and lagging
strand, and directionality
What are the three stages of
transcription
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What enzyme catalyzes the synthesis
of the mRNA transcript
RNA Polymerase
Where does translation occur and
what site, E, P or A, does tRNA grow
an amino acid chain through peptide
bonding?
Ribosome
P site of the ribosome
Transcribe and Translate:
5’ATGTTTGCAGGGGGATAA3’
codons
3’TACAAACGTGCCCCTATT
mRNA:AUGUUUGCACGGGGAUAA
met-phe-ala-gly-gly-stop
Prokaryotes have slightly different
translation mechanisms name one
difference?
1. Polyribosomes no mRNA processing
2. Prokaryotes: the polymerase binds to
promoter directly in eukaryotes the
polymerase requires transcription
factors for binding a promoter (TATA)
3. In termination prokaryotic
transcription hits a terminator sequence,
but in eukaryotes the pre-mRNA is
cleaved from the growing RNA chain
Which parts of the eukaryotic
chromosome are spliced out?
Introns are cut out and exons are
spliced together
What is the evolutionary importance
of introns?
1.Can get along with a small number
of genes
2.May facilitate the evolution of new
and potentially useful proteins as a
result of exon shuffling
3.Introns also increase the benefit of
crossing over
What do we call structurally
reproducing chromosomes and what
are their functions (hint: sister…..)
Chromatids that are identical to
distribute one copy of the genetic
material to each new cell
What does a “packaged” DNA strand
made of? (the nucleosome)
DNA wrapped around histones are
used to compact the chromosome
Some call it “beads on a string”
At the chemical level what can the
cell do to the eukaryotic genome to
control the expression of genes?
DNA methylation
or
histone acetylation
Describe the structure of a
prokaryotic chromosome
Circular not linear
Name three differences in the
structure and function of a
prokaryote vs. a eukaryote
chromosome
Less complex – no histones or
elaborate folding
Size is much smaller fewer genes
No introns
Has operons for gene regulation
It replicates from a single origin of
replication
A viral vector is used to transfer
bacterial DNA into another bacteria
either through a prophage &
Lysogenic Cycle or through the lytic
cycle. What is this process
Transduction
This F+ Hfr bacteria transfers its genetic
information to the F- through pili during
what process?
Conjugation
Explain the steps of transformation
The cells must be made competent by
adding Calcium chloride and heat
shocking. The plasmid (with the gene of
interest i.e. Amp R) which has been cut
by restriction enzyme then slides through
the membrane and is taken up by the
bacteria.
Griffiths & Avery performed an
experiment that showed that dead
bacteria could transfer their genetic
material to new bacteria that did not have
the gene prior to the experiment
Why is it important, evolutionarily
speaking, that genes are organized
the way they are
Allows for Genetic Variation
Allows for Genetic Stability
Allows for Gene regulation
Allows for complexity
Allows for Diploid/Polyploid
Name two genes that when mutated,
contribute to the development in
cancer?
p53 and proto-oncogenes
(oncogenes)
What is one pro and one con of
producing Genetically modified
foods
We can create insect resistant crops
We may eliminate the possibly good
variations present in the population
An example of a
RFLP analysis
performed for
forensic
purposes. Lanes
1,2,7,11 and 15
have molecular
weight markers.
Evidence is in
lanes 9 & 12.
The victim's
DNA is in lane 4
and suspects' in 5
and 6
Is the suspect guilty?
yes
What would be the products of a digestion with the
three enzymes Hind III, ApaI, and PvuI?
EcoRI 1 or 5541
HindIII 32
PvuI 4916
Eagl 942
PvuII 3247
ApaI 2036
SmaI 2540
657, 2004 and 2880