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BIOLOGY Life on Earth
WITH PHYSIOLOGY Tenth Edition
Audesirk Audesirk Byers
4
Cell Structure
and Function
Active Lecture Questions by
Carol R. Anderson
Westwood College, River Oaks Campus
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT an organelle of animal cells?
a. Plastid
b. Mitochondrion
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is NOT an organelle of animal cells?
a. Plastid
b. Mitochondrion
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In eukaryotic cells, the ____________ synthesize(s)
membrane components, proteins, and lipids.
a. Golgi apparatus
b. lysosomes
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. plastids
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In eukaryotic cells, the ____________ synthesize(s)
membrane components, proteins, and lipids.
a. Golgi apparatus
b. lysosomes
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. plastids
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What would your hypothesis be if you found a
cluster of fuzzy black growth in an empty plastic
container in your cabinet?
a. The container gave rise to this growth.
b. There were microscopic portions of this growth
that gave rise to this larger colony.
c. The fuzzy growth is not a growth, but part of
the container.
d. The fuzzy growth generated spontaneously in
the container after you put it in the cabinet.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What would your hypothesis be if you found a
cluster of fuzzy black growth in an empty plastic
container in your cabinet?
a. The container gave rise to this growth.
b. There were microscopic portions of this growth
that gave rise to this larger colony.
c. The fuzzy growth is not a growth, but part of
the container.
d. The fuzzy growth generated spontaneously in
the container after you put it in the cabinet.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The plasma membrane performs all of the following
functions except __________.
a. regulating flow of materials into and out of the cell
b. facilitating protein synthesis
c. providing a barrier
d. facilitating communication with other cells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The plasma membrane performs all of the following
functions except __________.
a. regulating flow of materials into and out of the cell
b. facilitating protein synthesis
c. providing a barrier
d. facilitating communication with other cells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Where do most of the metabolic activities take place
within the cell?
a. Cytoskeleton
b. Cytoplasm
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Where do most of the metabolic activities take place
within the cell?
a. Cytoskeleton
b. Cytoplasm
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What would happen if a cell stopped making
properly functioning RNA?
a. Nothing. The cell would function properly.
b. The cell would not be able to translate the
information in protein into DNA.
c. The cell would not be able to translate the
information in DNA into protein.
d. The cell would not be able to translate the
information in DNA into lipids.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What would happen if a cell stopped making
properly functioning RNA?
a. Nothing. The cell would function properly.
b. The cell would not be able to translate the
information in protein into DNA.
c. The cell would not be able to translate the
information in DNA into protein.
d. The cell would not be able to translate the
information in DNA into lipids.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell that is relatively large, houses its DNA in a
membrane-bound structure, has chloroplasts, and
contains protein fibers that hold all of the organelles
in place is a(n) __________.
a. plant cell
b. animal cell
c. archaean cell
d. bacterial cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell that is relatively large, houses its DNA in a
membrane-bound structure, has chloroplasts, and
contains protein fibers that hold all of the organelles
in place is a(n) __________.
a. plant cell
b. animal cell
c. archaean cell
d. bacterial cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell that can make its own energy, contains
membrane-associated pigments, and has a large
structure that holds fluids and sometimes poison is
a(n) __________.
a. plant cell
b. animal cell
c. protist cell
d. fungal cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell that can make its own energy, contains
membrane-associated pigments, and has a large
structure that holds fluids and sometimes poison is
a(n) __________.
a. plant cell
b. animal cell
c. protist cell
d. fungal cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If an organism has cilia, most likely it is __________.
a. a plant
b. an animal
c. living in a dry environment
d. living in a watery environment
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If an organism has cilia, most likely it is __________.
a. a plant
b. an animal
c. living in a dry environment
d. living in a watery environment
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell has a relatively high concentration of
mitochondria. This cell most likely functions to
__________.
a. photosynthesize
b. contract and move
c. make protein
d. process carbohydrates
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell has a relatively high concentration of
mitochondria. This cell most likely functions to
__________.
a. photosynthesize
b. contract and move
c. make protein
d. process carbohydrates
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A male animal has all its sex organs, but can’t
produce sperm. Your hypothesis is that the cells of
the testes __________.
a. have malfunctioning Golgi or ER and do not
produce the hormones required for sperm
production
b. have malfunctioning lysosomes and do not produce
the hormones required for sperm production
c. do not have nuclei for phospholipid production
d. lack cytoplasm containing the DNA
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A male animal has all its sex organs, but can’t
produce sperm. Your hypothesis is that the cells of
the testes __________.
a. have malfunctioning Golgi or ER and do not
produce the hormones required for sperm
production
b. have malfunctioning lysosomes and do not produce
the hormones required for sperm production
c. do not have nuclei for phospholipid production
d. lack cytoplasm containing the DNA
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell’s membrane is not formed properly—it is not
able to act as a barrier to its environment. What
may cause this problem?
a. The ER is malfunctioning and cannot produce the proteins
for the membrane.
b. The ER is malfunctioning and cannot produce the
phospholipids and cholesterol for the membrane.
c.
The mitochondria are malfunctioning and cannot produce
the phospholipids and cholesterol for the membrane.
d. The chloroplasts are malfunctioning and cannot produce
the energy needed to move molecules across the
membrane.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cell’s membrane is not formed properly—it is not
able to act as a barrier to its environment. What
may cause this problem?
a. The ER is malfunctioning and cannot produce the proteins
for the membrane.
b. The ER is malfunctioning and cannot produce the
phospholipids and cholesterol for the membrane.
c.
The mitochondria are malfunctioning and cannot produce
the phospholipids and cholesterol for the membrane.
d. The chloroplasts are malfunctioning and cannot produce
the energy needed to move molecules across the
membrane.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why would a cell have a prominent ER and Golgi
apparatus?
a. It is a muscle cell and needs to have an excess amount
of processed lipid.
b. It is a bacterial cell and secretes large amounts of
protein antibodies to attack plant and animal cells.
c. It is a leukocyte (white blood cell) and secretes
large amounts of protein antibodies into the
bloodstream.
d. It is a plant cell and undergoes the process of
photosynthesis, producing large amounts of protein.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why would a cell have a prominent ER and Golgi
apparatus?
a. It is a muscle cell and needs to have an excess amount
of processed lipid.
b. It is a bacterial cell and secretes large amounts of
protein antibodies to attack plant and animal cells.
c. It is a leukocyte (white blood cell) and secretes
large amounts of protein antibodies into the
bloodstream.
d. It is a plant cell and undergoes the process of
photosynthesis, producing large amounts of protein.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to
prokaryotic cells?
a. Both are large in size.
b. Both can undergo the process of photosynthesis.
c. Both can undergo the process of cell respiration.
d. Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to
prokaryotic cells?
a. Both are large in size.
b. Both can undergo the process of photosynthesis.
c. Both can undergo the process of cell respiration.
d. Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bacteria do not have chloroplasts. How are some
bacteria able to photosynthesize?
a. The photosynthetic pathway occurs within a food
granule.
b. Their ribosomes function to facilitate photosynthesis.
c. They use chlorophyll molecules that are freely
floating within the cytoplasm.
d. They have internal membranes containing
pigments and enzymes required for
photosynthesis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bacteria do not have chloroplasts. How are some
bacteria able to photosynthesize?
a. The photosynthetic pathway occurs within a food
granule.
b. Their ribosomes function to facilitate photosynthesis.
c. They use chlorophyll molecules that are freely
floating within the cytoplasm.
d. They have internal membranes containing
pigments and enzymes required for
photosynthesis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If a cell had a nucleoid, it most likely would be a(n)
___________.
a. animal cell
b. plant cell
c. fungal cell
d. bacterial cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If a cell had a nucleoid, it most likely would be a(n)
___________.
a. animal cell
b. plant cell
c. fungal cell
d. bacterial cell
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the purpose of the central vacuole in this
cell?
a. To store digestive
enzymes
b. Protein synthesis
c. Energy production
d. Water storage
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4-4
What is the purpose of the central vacuole in this
cell?
a. To store digestive
enzymes
b. Protein synthesis
c. Energy production
d. Water storage
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4-4