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Cells Study Guide
1. Relate “cell” to “organelles.”
2. List two things that organelles do for cells.
3. Explain how scientists know that cells are alive.
4. According to cell theory, explain how animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria are similar.
5. According to cell theory, explain where new cells come from.
6. Complete the graphic organizer below.
Prokaryotes
Require energy? (Yes/No)
Divide? (Yes/No)
Make protein? (Yes/No)
Have DNA? (Yes/No)
Have cell membrane? (Yes/No)
DNA contained in nucleus? (Yes/No)
Have membrane-bound organelles? (Yes/No)
Multicellular or unicellular?
SKIP
Small or large?
8. List three characteristics that prokaryotes and eukaryotes share.
9. List three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
10. Explain why the organelles of a eukaryote must be “membrane-bound.”
11. List four examples of eukaryotic cells.
12. Give an example of a prokaryote.
Eukaryotes
13. Explain how protists are different from other eukaryotes.
14. Explain what is meant by the following statement: “most eukaryotic cells are highly specialized.”
15. Identify a cell’s most important job.
16. Explain how organelles in a eukaryotic cell are separated from the rest of the cell.
17. Identify the function of the cell membrane.
18. Explain why cell membranes are made from lipids.
19. Differentiate between a cell membrane and a cell wall in terms of what they do and what they are made
from.
20. Identify the main function of the nucleus.
21. Explain why the nuclear envelope is dotted with pores.
22. Identify the main function of ribosomes.
23. Identify the main function of rough ER.
24. Identify the main function of smooth ER.
25. Identify the main function of the Golgi apparatus.
26. Identify the main function of the vacuole.
27. Identify the function of the central vacuole in plants.
28. Identify the function of the contractile vacuole in unicellular protists.
29. Identify the function of lysosomes.
30. Explain how lysosomes are able to break down large polymers such as starch or cellulose.
31. Identify the main function of mitochondria.
32. Explain why all cells (including plant cells) need mitochondria.
33. A molecule of starch enters the bloodstream from the stomach and makes its way to a leg muscle cell.
After it enters the cell, describe how the cell’s lysosome and mitochondria will process the starch for
energy.
34. Identify the main function of chloroplasts.
35. List two types of eukayotes that contain chloroplasts.
Types of Cells Graphic Organizer
Animal
Type of cell
Size
Complexity
Specialization
Multicellular/
unicellular
Contains DNA?
Location of DNA
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes
(not membranebound)
Rough ER
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Central vacuole
Contractile
vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
Plant
Fungus
Protist
Bacteria