Download what is a protist?

WHAT IS A PROTIST?
MOST ARE UNICELLULAR!
ALL PROTISTS ARE EUKARYOTES,
THAT IS THEY HAVE A NUCLEUS.
THEY LIVE IN A MOIST
ENVIRONMENT.
SOME ARE AUTOTROPHS
• THAT IS THEY MAKE THEIR
OWN FOOD
• OR ARE CALLED PRODUCERS
SOME ARE HETEROTROPHS
• THAT IS THEY FEED ON OTHER
ORGANISMS
• OR ARE CALLED CONSUMERS
SOME ARE BOTH
• SOME CAN BE BOTH
PRODUCERS OR CONSUMERS
DEPENDING ON THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
PROTISTS ARE SO SMALL THEY
DO NOT NEED SPECIAL
ORGANS TO EXCHANGE
GASES OR EXCRETE WASTES.
THEY USE SIMPLE DIFFUSION.
DIFFUSION
MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS FROM
AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION
TO AREAS OF LOW
CONCENTRATION
REPRODUCTION
• MOST
REPRODUCE
ASEXUALLY
THROUGH A
PROCESS
CALLED BINARY
FISSION OR
MITOSIS.
REPRODUCTION CONT.
• A FEW SPECIES
ARE CAPABLE
OF SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
• MANY HAVE
VERY COMPLEX
LIFE CYCLES
INGESTION
• PROTISTS EAT BY
PHAGOCYTOSIS.
• THIS MEANS THEY
ENGULF THEIR
FOOD.
• PART OF THEIR
MEMBRANE HOLDS
THE FOOD AND IT IS
DIGESTED IN A
VACUOLE.
3 CATEGORIES OF
PROTISTS
• ANIMAL-LIKE
•PLANT-LIKE
•FUNGUS-LIKE
ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS
*UNICELLULAR
*HETEROTROPHS
*3 GROUPS BASED ON MOVEMENT:
FLAGELLA, CILIA, AND PSEUDOPODS
AMOEBA
• THEY ARE UNICELLULAR
• THEY HAVE NO DEFINITE
SHAPE
• THEY ARE HETEROTROPHS
AMEOBA MOVEMENT
• MOVE BY USE OF
FINGER-LIKE
STRUCTURES CALLED
PSEUDOPODS
• ONE PSUEDOPOD
EXTENDS AND PULLS
THE CELL FORWARD
HOW AN AMEOBA MOVES
2 PSUEDOPODS SURROUND &
TRAP FOOD. THEN FORM A FOOD
VACUOLE TO BREAK DOWN FOOD
IN THE CYTOPLASM.
PARAMECIUM
• MOVE BY THE WAVE-LIKE MOTION
OF TINY HAIRS CALLED CILIA
PARAMECIUM CONT.
• CILIA HELP TO CATCH FOOD
• THE MACRONUCLEUS IS LARGE
AND CONTROLS EVERYDAY
FUNCTIONS
PARAMECIUM CONT.
• USUALLY REPRODUCE
ASEXUALLY
• UNDER STRESS THEY WILL
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY (RARE)
• THE MICRONUCLEUS IS SMALL
AND CONTROLS REPRODUCTION
PARAMECIUM CONT
• ORAL GROOVE IS LINED
WITH CILIA THAT MOVES
WATER WITH FOOD INTO
FOOD VACUOLE.
• FOOD VACUOLE DIGESTS
FOOD AND SENDS IT
THROUGH CELL.
• ANAL PORE EXCRETES
WASTES.
CONTRACTILE
VACUOLE
CILIA
FOOD
VACUOLE
ORAL
GROOVE
FOOD
VACUOLE
ANAL PORE
PLANT-LIKE
PROTISTS
•
•
•
•
AUTOTROPHS
BETTER KNOWN AS ALGAE
UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLELAR
CONTAIN DIFFERENT PIGMENTS SO
THEY COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS.
EUGLENA
• THEY ARE UNICELLULAR.
• THEY CAN BE CONSUMERS AS
WELL AS PRODUCERS AS
THEY HAVE CHLOROPLASTS.
CHLOROPLASTS
• CHLOROPLASTS PRODUCE
GLUCOSE, A SIMPLE SUGAR,
THROUGH THE PROCESS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
EUGLENA CONT.
• THEY MOVE BY USE OF A
FLAGELLUM
• THEY HAVE AN EYESPOT THAT
CAN DETECT LIGHT, SO THEY CAN
MOVE TO IT AND CHLOROPLASTS
CAN PRODUCE FOOD (GLUCOSE).
EUGLENA CONT.
• REPRODUCE BY A PROCESS
OF CELL DIVISION CALLED
MITOSIS (ASEXUAL).
• ONLY WHEN
WELL FED &
TEMP. IS RIGHT
VOLVOX
• LIVE IN A COLONY
• CAN BE UP TO
50,000 CELLS
• EACH CELL HAS
FLAGELLA
• SWIM IN
COORDINATED
FASHION
VOLVOX CONT.
• AUTOTROPHS
• WILL SHOW SOME
INDIVIDUALITY AND
WORK TOGETHER
• HAVE EYESPOTS SO IT CAN
MOVE TO SUNLIGHT AND
PHOTOSYNTHESIZE
VOLVOX REPRODUCTION
• ASEXUALLY BY REPEATED CELL
DIVISION. NEW COLONIES ARE
FORMED AND THEN RELEASED AS
PARENT COLONY DISINTEGRATES
• SEXUALLY BY THE TRANSFER OF
SEX CELLS,”SPERM”, FROM MALE
COLONIES TO A FEMALE COLONY
AS IT FORMS INTO AN “EGG” CELL
FUNGUS-LIKE
PROTISTS
• LIKE ANIMALS:THEY ARE HETEROTROPHS
• LIKE PLANTS:THEY HAVE A CELL WALL
• REPRODUCE BY SPORES (TINY CELLS
THAT CAN GROW INTO AN ORGANISM)
• THEY CAN MOVE AT ONE POINT IN LIFE.
• AN EXAMPLE IS MILDEW.