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XBIO: Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
To prepare for this test you should:
 Review your notes, worksheets & study guide
 Review your Quiz and flashcards
 Read Chapter 3
 STUDY!!!!!
Period
Test format:
32 multiple choice
5 short answer
40 POINTS TOTAL (43 possible)
Write the vocab term for each definition.
Answer
3.1 - Cell Theory
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
ribosomes
Organelle
Question
1.
List four things that all cells have
2.
A structure within a eukaryotic cell that carries out a
specific function
Bacteria
3.
Nucleus
4.
3.2 – Cell Organelles
Chloroplasts
1.
Mitochondria
2.
Ribosomes
3.
Central Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Cell wall, chloroplasts (central
vacuole)
Nucleus
4.
5.
6.
7.
Example of a prokaryote
Eukaryotes have a ___________ while prokaryotes do not.
Perform photosynthesis in plant cells
Create energy for the cell
Where proteins are made
Large compartment where a plant stores water, nutrients
and wastes
Creates a boundary between a cell and its environment,
and controls movement of molecules into or out of a cell
Two structures that plant cells have that animal cells do
not.
Control center of the cell, directs all of cells activities and
houses the cell’s DNA
3.3 – Cell Membrane
Fatty acid “tails”
Phosphate “head”
1.
2.
This part of a phospholipid is non-polar & therefore
hydrophobic
This part of a phospholipid is polar & therefore hydrophilic
3.4 – Diffusion & Osmosis
Passive Transport
1.
Type of transport that does NOT need energy and moves
molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration (down the concentration gradient until
equilibrium is reached)
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
List the three types of passive transport
2.
Diffusion
3.
Concentration Gradient
4.
Equilibrium
5.
Osmosis
6.
Hypotonic
7.
Hypertonic
8.
Isotonic
9.
The movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration (until
equilibrium is reached)
When molecules are unequally distributed so that there is
an area of high concentration versus low concentration
Molecules are spread out evenly in a given space
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
A solution that contains LESS SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in
this environment, water will diffuse into the cell causing it to
expand
A solution that contains MORE SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in
this environment, water will diffuse out of the cell causing it
to shrink
A solution that contains the SAME amount of SOLUTE – if a
cell is placed in this type of environment water will move in
and out equally so the cell will stay the same
Draw pictures of blood cells in each of # 7, 8 & 9 above
10.
Contractile vacuole
11.
Playsmolysis
12.
Cytolysis
13.
Facilitated Diffusion
14.
Channel (Transport) Protein
15.
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport (membrane
pumps)
16.
A special vacuole found in a paramecium that collects and
pumps water out of the cell so the paramecium doesn’t
burst
A cell shrinking; the plant cell membrane shrinks away from
the cell wall
An animal cell bursting/exploding
A type of passive transport that involves the use of a carrier
protein to transport ions/large molecules across the cell
membrane from a high to low concentration
A protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that
transports specific molecules across the cell membrane that
cannot diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer
#15 are used in these two types of transport
3.5 – Active Transport
Active transport
1 Membrane Pumps (sodium
potassium pump)
Bulk Transport
Sodium potassium pump
Endocytosis (in)
Exocytosis (out)
A type of transport that requires energy and usually creates
a concentration gradient
1.
2 List two types of active transport
An example of a cell membrane “pump” that pumps sodium
3 and potassium ions to a place where there is already a high
concentration (active transport)
List two types of bulk transport – based on the direction of
the movement
4
Endocytosis
5
Vesicle
6
Pinocytosis “cell drinking”
7
Phagocytosis “cell eating”
8
Exocytosis
9
Movement of a substance into a cell by the in-folding of the
cell membrane to create a vesicle
An organelle that can fuse with lysosomes (contain digestive
enzymes) so that the contents of the vesicle can be digested
The movement of liquids/small solutes into the cell by
endocytosis
The movement of whole organisms/food particles into the
cell by endocytosis
Movement of a substance out of the cell when a vesicle
fuses/merges with the cell membrane and releases the
substance to the outside environment
Answer the following questions.
1. Draw a diagram of the cell membrane and label it using the following terms: hydrophilic,
hydrophobic, fatty acid, phosphate, heads, tails, polar, nonpolar, membrane proteins.
2. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
NO energy
Requires energy
Moves molecules from HIGH  LOW
concentrations
Moves molecules from LOW HIGH
concentrations
Moves molecules down/with
concentration gradient
Moves molecules up/against
concentration gradient
Types: Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion,
Osmosis
Types: Membrane Pumps, Bulk
transport (endo/exocytosis)