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The Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Spinal Cord • Motor Neurons Somatic Nervous System voluntary movements via skeletal muscles Sympathetic - “Fight-or-Flight” responses • Sensory Neurons Autonomic Nervous System organs, smooth muscles Parasympathetic - maintenance • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • MYELIN SHEATHS • AXONS A junction where the axon or some other portion of one cell (= presynaptic cell) terminates on the dendrites, soma, or axon of another neuron (post synaptic cell). The term was introduced in nineteenth century by the British neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington PART FUNCTION AXON Carry nerve impulses away from cell DENDRITES Carry nerve impulse towards nerve cell SCHWANN’S CELL Protective myelin sheath around the axon of myelinated nerve fibres. NUCLEUS Control the activity of cell MYELIN SHEATH -Protection of the nerve fibre. -Insulation of the nerve fibre. -Increases the rate of transmission of nerve impulses. NODES OF RANVIER -Allowing nutrients and waste products to enter/leave the neurone. -Allowing nerve impulses to move along the neurone through a process of de-polarisation and re-polarisation of the nerve membrane. SYNAPSE Reaching a synapse, an impulse causes the release of a neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the gap and triggers an electrical impulse in the next neurone