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Protein Synthesis Review
1. Name the two major steps in protein synthesis. Briefly, what is accomplished by each?
2. Where in the cell does each one occur?
3. Compare and contrast DNA replication and transcription.
4. Name three types of RNA (one is from DNA replication, two from protein synthesis) described and explain the
function of each.
5. How many different DNA triplets are possible?
6. The DNA triplet “CGA” is transcribed into which RNA codon?
a) GUT (b) GUC (c) GCU (d) AUG
7. Which enzyme “reads” the mRNA?
8. Explain the role played by each of the following in protein synthesis.
a) template strand of DNA (b) RNA codon (c) enzymes (d) mRNA (e) tRNA
9. During the process of translation what language change occurs? How is it possible to put together a polypeptide
with the correct sequence of amino acids.
10. What is the first codon in the mRNA of any polypeptide?
11. How does a codon differ from a DNA triplet. How does an anticodon differ from a DNA triplet.
12. Name the two important regions of a tRNA molecule.
13. For the DNA triplet CGT, write the complementary mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon.
14. What amino acid does the triplet GCA represent?
15. Explain the functions of start and stop codons.
16. What would be the effect on translation if the termination codon were changed by mutation? If the start codon
was mutated?
17. What effect does the nucleotide sequence of DNA have on the cell?
18. A molecular biologist discovers a drug that blocks the site of attachment of the ribosome to mRNA. How will the
drug affect the functioning of the cell?
19. What kinds of factors act as mutagens? What effects could they have? Where or when might one be exposed to
them?