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CHAPTER 13: GENETIC ENGINEERING SECTION 13-1 (pg 319-321) 1.What is meant by selective breeding? _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Circle the letter of each organism that has been produced by selective breeding. a. horses b. dogs c. cats d. potatoes 3. Complete the table describing the types of SELECTIVE BREEDING Type Description Examples Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics 4. Is the following sentence true or false? Hybrids are often hardier than either of the parents. _________________________ 5. What are the risks of inbreeding? _________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the wild? __________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Breeders can increase the genetic variation by inducing _____________, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability. 8. Circle the letter of an inheritable change in DNA. a. variation b. trait c. mutation d. genotype 9. Is the following sentence true of false? Mutations cannot occur spontaneously. _________________________ 10. Is the following sentence true of false? Scientists have produced bacteria that can digest oil. ________________________ SECTION 13-2 (pg 322-325) 11. What is genetic engineering? ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Is the following true or false? Making changes to the DNA code is similar to changing the code of a computer program. ____ 13. Scientists use their knowledge of the ___________________ of DNA and its ___________________ properties to study and change DNA molecules. 14. Explain how biologists get DNA out of a cell. ______________________________________________________________ 15. Biologists use ____________________________ to cut DNA molecules at a specific sequence of nucleotides to make smaller fragments. 16. Circle the letter of the process by which DNA fragments are separated and analyzed. a. gel electrophoresis b. extraction c. transformation d. restriction 17. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about gel electrophoresis. a. An electric voltage applied to the gel separates the DNA fragments. b. DNA molecules are positively charged. c. Gel electrophoresis is used to compare the genomes of different organisms. d. Gel electrophoresis can be used to locate and identify one particular gene in an individual’s genome. 18. Is the following sentence true or false? The pattern of colored bands on an electrophoresis gel tells the exact sequence of bases in DNA. ____ SECTION 13-3 (pg 327-329) 19. What occurs during transformation? (pg 327) _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Complete the following flow chart. See pages 327-328 and figure 13-10 of your book Foreign DNA is joined to a(an) ________________, which is a small circular DNA molecule found naturally in some bacteria. The culture is treated with a(an) ______________, a compound that kills bacteria Recombinant plasmids are mixed with bacterial cells. Some bacterial cells take in the recombinant DNA by the process of ___________________________ Only cells that have been transformed survive because only they carry a(an) ______________ for antibiotic resistance 21. Describe what occurs in a successful transformation of cells. ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Describe how animal cells can be transformed by directly injecting DNA. ________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Is the following sentence true or false? Gene replacement has made it possible to identify the specific functions of genes in many organisms. __________________________ SECTION 13-4 (pg 331-333) 24. What is a transgenic organism? ___________________________________________________________________________ 25. What is a clone? ___________________________________________________________________________ 26. List four ways in which transgenic animals have been used. a. ____________________________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________________________________ d. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 27. Circle the letter of each item that might soon be produced by transgenic plants. a. human antibodies b. rot-resistant foods c. plastics d. vitamin A-enriched rice