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Download Review of relevant topics prior to “Linkage” lectures
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Review of relevant topics prior to “Linkage” lectures - DNA as it exists in the cell- normally vs. metaphase; w/ respect to chromosomes - DNA structure varies out of necessity- expose genes (encoding regions) for transcription; keep organized structurally for replication and division of cell o 2 key points here: gene expression and inheritance - Have to visualize gene (locus)/alleles/chromosomes/metaphase/chromatids segregating/gamete formation 1. Stretch of DNA that codes for a protein; in the middle of a bunch of bases that are not encoding 2. The location of that gene (sequence) relative to the chromosome it exists on 3. The specific copy of the gene; need to have a term to clarify the presence of 2 copies of each gene- MAternal and Paternal 4. Mitosis vs. Meiosis 5. Primary germ cell gametes: what are the chromosomes doing and how are they segregating 6. How are the genes on those chromosomes segregating relative to each other- THIS IS THE BASIS OF THE NEXT 2 LECTURES! - Have to use letters, symbols, techniques to discuss genes and inheritance; but it’s critical to be able to visualize what those symbols represent. - Mendelian Genetics (inheritance)- those 3 postulates are very important: 1. 2 copies of each gene (i.e. 2 alleles) 2. Simple dominance 3. Random segregation and independent assortment - Consider 2 genes: a dihybrid cross; if Mendelian, it’s like 2 monohybrid crosses b/c of Postulate 3. - Non-Mendelian Genetics (Inheritance)- everything else… - Linkage (think in terms of meiosis, forming gametes, and inheriting genes) - No longer have independent assortment of genes during gamete formation - Buzz words: (non)parental chromosome, crossing over, recombination, recombination frequency, - Notes on slides: o Skip 2 & 3, 20 & 21 (for now), 23-28 (for now) o Don’t have to know 13, o GO NO FURTHER THAN SLIDE 32 on Thursday