Download III - Humble ISD

III. INSIDE A EUKARYOTIC CELL
Cell Structure
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Function/Description
Control center of eukaryotic cell
a. Double membrane that protects nucleus; continuous with ER, contains pores to allow RNA to leave nucleus
b. Site of ribosome and rRNA production
c. Contains genes, composed of a complex DNA and protein called chromatin
Network of membranous sacs and tubes extending though the cytoplasm
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a. Site of lipid synthesis, detoxification of poisons, storage of Ca2+ ions, breakdown of glycogen in animals
b. Name refers to presence of ribosomes; Site of secretory protein production (proteins destined for outside the cell) and additional
membrane production. Proteins packaged in transport bubbles called vesicles.
“Cell postmaster”; Receives transport vesicles from ER; modifies, stores, and ships products. The “receiving side” is known as the cis
face; shipping side is known as the trans face.
Suspended in cytosol or found on rough ER; site of protein production in a cell
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Sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes; used for recycling cellular materials, destroying pathogens, absent in plants
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Storage sac. In plants typically have large, central vacuole surrounded by membrane called tonoplast. Absorbs water and helps plant
cell to grow larger. Some protists have contractile vacuole to pump out excess water.
Type of plastid that carries out photosynthesis by converting solar energy to chemical energy (glucose). Contain membranous system
of flattened sacs called thylakoids – stack is called a granum. Fluid surrounding thylakoids is called stroma – contains DNA
ribosomes, enzymes.
Site of oxidative respiration where glucose is converted into cellular energy (ATP). Contain own DNA, ribosomes. Enclosed by 2
membranes – inner membrane has folds called cristae to increase surface area.
Membrane-bound compartments that use oxygen to carry out metabolism; forms H2O2 which is then broken down by enzymes
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Composed of proteins - Provides structural support to cell; more extensive in animal cells
a. A.K.A. = actin filaments – thinnest filaments. Forms 3-d network that helps support cell shape, bear tension. Bundles of them
form microvilli, extensions of the cell membrane found in some cells to increase surface area. Interact with myosin in muscle
cells to create movement
b. In between in thickness; more permanent than microtubules/filaments.
c. Hollow rods – support cell, serve as tracks for movement within cell. Also help separate chromosomes during cell division - occurs in
a region called centrosome, which is the location of centrioles in animal cells. Cilia and flagella – structures for movement found in
some cells. Constructed from bundles of microtubules covered by extensions of the cell membrane.
Encloses the cell, regulates materials in and out of the cell, helps maintain cell shape
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Used for cell movement in sperm cells and in some other unicellular organisms
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Multiple short projections extending from the cell surface which are used for movement
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Pair of hollow cylinders in which the mitotic spindle forms between during cell division, absent in most plants
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