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Transcript
Cells And Their Functions Diagram Of An Animal Cell Cell Parts 1. Nucleus 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 4. Ribosomes 5. Peroxisome 6. Golgi Apparatus 7. Vacuole (Lysosome) 8. Mitochondrion 9. Cytoskeletal Element 10. Plasma Membrane 11. Centrioles Diagram Of A Plant Cell Cell Parts 1. Nucleus 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 4. Ribosomes 5. Golgi Apparatus 6. Vacuole (Lysosome) 7. Peroxisome 8. Mitochondrion 9. Plasma Membrane 10. Cytoskeletal Element 11. Cell Wall 12. Chloroplast Cell Parts’ Functions Nucleus: Cell Compartmentalization Gene Expression Processing of Pre-mRNA Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transport of Proteins Insertion of Proteins into the Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane Glycosylation Disulfide Bond formation and Rearrangement Drug Metabolism Ribosomes: Workhorses of protein biosynthesis, the process of translating mRNA into protein. Golgi Apparatus: Integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging these macromolecules for cell secretion (exocytosis) or use within the cell Primarily modifies proteins delivered from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of Lysosomes Plays an important role in the synthesis of proteoglycans A major site of carbohydrate synthesis Plays a putative role in Apoptosis Vacuole (Lysosome): Cell's waste disposal system and can digest many compounds Used for the digestion of macromolecules from phagocytosis (ingestion of other dying cells or larger extra cellular material, like foreign invading microbes), endocytosis (where receptor proteins are recycled from the cell surface), and autophagy (where in old or unneeded organelles or proteins, or microbes that have invaded the cytoplasm are delivered to the Lysosome). Digesting foreign bacteria (or other forms of waste) Peroxisome: Breakdown of very long chain fatty acids through beta-oxidation Polarized when fighting fungal penetration Mitochondrion: Energy Conversion NADH and FADH2: The Electron Transport Chain Pyruvate and The Citric Acid Cycle Heat production Storage of Calcium Ions It also play a central role in many other metabolic tasks, such as: Regulation of the Membrane Potential Apoptosis-programmed Cell Death Calcium Signaling (including calcium-evoked apoptosis) Cellular Proliferation Regulation Regulation of Cellular Metabolism Certain Heme Synthesis Reactions Steroid Synthesis Plasma Membrane: Surrounds the protoplasm of a cell Physically separates the intracellular components from the extra cellular environment (Animal Cell) Mechanical support for the cell and precludes passage of the larger molecules (Fungi, Bacteria and Plants) Plays a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to provide shape to the cell, and in attaching to the extra cellular matrix and other cells to help group cells together to form tissues. Facilitate the transport of materials needed for survival Maintains the cell potential Cell Wall: Provides cells with structural support and protection Acts as a filtering mechanism Act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Chloroplasts: Capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis Centrioles: Involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle and in the completion of cytokinesis Cytoskeletal element: Plays important roles in both intracellular transport (the movement of vesicles and organelles, for example) and cellular division Conclusion Through this research, I have found out that there are many different cell parts in both, the animal and plant cells. Each cell part performs various functions, contributing to the cell’s well being in one way or another. In addition, from the research that I have done, I have a better view of the differences between an animal cell and a plant cell. Moreover, I have actually learnt about many cell parts that could not be found in our textbooks. This science research has been an interesting one, which benefited me. Done By: Tan Guan Fan 1A2-26 References: 1. http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/cells.htm 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_apparatus 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosome 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane 10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_Wall 11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplasts 12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoskeleton 13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrioles 14. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/index.html