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BIOLOGY HONORS
NAME__________________________________
DNA, RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Review Sheet
1. What is the main function of DNA in the cell?
2. If a DNA molecule has a left side code of:
G
A
C
C
The right side
would read:
A
T
G
3. If a RNA molecule was made from the above DNA molecule, it would read:
( use the left side of the above DNA molecule )
 What type of RNA molecule is this? ________
4. What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together? ______________________
5. Name 3 differences between a RNA and DNA molecule:
6. Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
7. What is the name of the sugar in DNA? ________________________________________
8. What is the name of the sugar in RNA? ________________________________________
9. What is the site of protein synthesis? ___________________
10. The ___RNA from the nucleus attaches to the RNA on the ribosome while waiting for the
__RNA to bring _____________________ to the ribosome.
11. How many types of amino acids are there? _______________
12.Where are amino acids found? ____________________________________________
13. What types of substance will attach to the amino acids and transport the amino acids? __________
14. Codons are found on _________ while anticodons are found on _________. In each case, the code
is really a sequence of ____ bases (use a number) that code for a particular _____________________.
15. What would the transfer RNA and corresponding amino acids be according to the mRNA below?
mRNA
tRNA
Name the 2 amino acids that would be bonded:
(p. 204 has the chart)
U
G
1. ____________________________
G
A
2. ____________________________
U
U
16. Protein synthesis: if part of the DNA code were as shown, transcribe and translate the code to see if
you get the proper protein produced.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
G
G
C
G
Amino Acids
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
G
A
A
C
T
17. What enzyme helps add mRNA nucleotides one at a time?
18. Write out the full name of DNA: ____________________________________
RNA: _____________________________________
(Spelling counts on test!)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
**REMEMBER: To find the amino acids, read the __________ on the ___RNA!
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
This process is called
____________________
C
G
A
A
A
A
T
A
A
A
C
T
mRNA
This process is called
_________________
G
G
AA ______________
AA ______________
It occurs in the
____________________
AA ______________
AA ______________
Copy this mRNA as it breaks off from the DNA
and moves to the ribosome. Fill in the corresponding tRNA and amino acids
19. Can you identify the 3 types of RNA?
20. What elements are found in nucleic acids? _________________Proteins?____________________
21. What nitrogen bases are purines? ______________ pyrimidines? ___________
22. What did Watson and Crick discover? ____________________________________________
24. Distinguish between introns and exons (see figure 13.5 in text!)
25. Why is DNA replication important?
The following is a section of DNA that will be read to make a particular protein. (Goes with #26-30)
CGATCGAAT
26. Write the complementary strand of DNA ________________________________
27. Write the complementary strand of mRNA ________________________________
28. Write the complementary strand of tRNA ________________________________
29. What amino acids will be linked ___________________________________________
30. How many codons are in #27? _____________
31. What is the central dogma of biology?
32. After replication, what would be the complementary strand for the following? GATTCA
What is assembled following this process? ____________
33. After transcription, what would be the complementary strand for the following? GATTCA
What is assembled as a result of this process? ____________
34. What is assembled as a result of translation?
35. Explain the evolutionary significance of transposable elements.
36. Explain common mutations that can occur?
37. What can cause a gene mutation?
38. What enzymes are important in protein synthesis and what do they do?