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BIOLOGY HONORS NAME__________________________________ DNA, RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Review Sheet 1. What is the main function of DNA in the cell? 2. If a DNA molecule has a left side code of: G A C C The right side would read: A T G 3. If a RNA molecule was made from the above DNA molecule, it would read: ( use the left side of the above DNA molecule ) What type of RNA molecule is this? ________ 4. What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together? ______________________ 5. Name 3 differences between a RNA and DNA molecule: 6. Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide. 7. What is the name of the sugar in DNA? ________________________________________ 8. What is the name of the sugar in RNA? ________________________________________ 9. What is the site of protein synthesis? ___________________ 10. The ___RNA from the nucleus attaches to the RNA on the ribosome while waiting for the __RNA to bring _____________________ to the ribosome. 11. How many types of amino acids are there? _______________ 12.Where are amino acids found? ____________________________________________ 13. What types of substance will attach to the amino acids and transport the amino acids? __________ 14. Codons are found on _________ while anticodons are found on _________. In each case, the code is really a sequence of ____ bases (use a number) that code for a particular _____________________. 15. What would the transfer RNA and corresponding amino acids be according to the mRNA below? mRNA tRNA Name the 2 amino acids that would be bonded: (p. 204 has the chart) U G 1. ____________________________ G A 2. ____________________________ U U 16. Protein synthesis: if part of the DNA code were as shown, transcribe and translate the code to see if you get the proper protein produced. DNA mRNA tRNA G G C G Amino Acids A A A A A C C C G A A C T 17. What enzyme helps add mRNA nucleotides one at a time? 18. Write out the full name of DNA: ____________________________________ RNA: _____________________________________ (Spelling counts on test!) PROTEIN SYNTHESIS **REMEMBER: To find the amino acids, read the __________ on the ___RNA! DNA mRNA tRNA This process is called ____________________ C G A A A A T A A A C T mRNA This process is called _________________ G G AA ______________ AA ______________ It occurs in the ____________________ AA ______________ AA ______________ Copy this mRNA as it breaks off from the DNA and moves to the ribosome. Fill in the corresponding tRNA and amino acids 19. Can you identify the 3 types of RNA? 20. What elements are found in nucleic acids? _________________Proteins?____________________ 21. What nitrogen bases are purines? ______________ pyrimidines? ___________ 22. What did Watson and Crick discover? ____________________________________________ 24. Distinguish between introns and exons (see figure 13.5 in text!) 25. Why is DNA replication important? The following is a section of DNA that will be read to make a particular protein. (Goes with #26-30) CGATCGAAT 26. Write the complementary strand of DNA ________________________________ 27. Write the complementary strand of mRNA ________________________________ 28. Write the complementary strand of tRNA ________________________________ 29. What amino acids will be linked ___________________________________________ 30. How many codons are in #27? _____________ 31. What is the central dogma of biology? 32. After replication, what would be the complementary strand for the following? GATTCA What is assembled following this process? ____________ 33. After transcription, what would be the complementary strand for the following? GATTCA What is assembled as a result of this process? ____________ 34. What is assembled as a result of translation? 35. Explain the evolutionary significance of transposable elements. 36. Explain common mutations that can occur? 37. What can cause a gene mutation? 38. What enzymes are important in protein synthesis and what do they do?