Download CH 11 Study Guide: DNA, RNA, and Proteins

CH 11 Study Guide: DNA, RNA, and Proteins--Answers
1. What are the complementary base pairs in DNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out.
Adenine (A)-Thymine (T) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C)
2. What are the complementary base pairs in RNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out.
Adenine (A)-Uracil (U) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C)
3. Use a chart to compare and contrast RNA and DNA in terms of structure, sugars, and bases.
DNA
RNA
Structure 2 strands
1 strand
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
4. List the three types of RNA and explain the function of each.
mRNA: carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
rRNA: combines with proteins to form the ribosome
tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosome so that proteins can be made
5. Who discovered the structure of DNA? Watson & Crick
6. IF a sequence of codons on a DNA strand is AAC TAG GGT, what is the corresponding sequence
in a strand of mRNA? What tRNA sequence would pair up to this mRNA?
mRNA: UUG AUC CCA tRNA: AAC UAG GGT
7. What will happen to a protein after a silent mutation? A missense mutation? A nonsense mutation?
Silent: no change Missense: changes 1+ amino acid Nonsense: stop codon
8. What does the enzyme DNA helicase, polymerase, and ligase do during DNA replication? H:It
unzips/unwinds DNA
P:adds correct nucleotides L:glues pairs together
9. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, nitrogenous bases, & phosphate group
10. What process forms messenger RNA? What process forms proteins? transcription; translation
11. What do structures I, II, III, IV in the picture
represent?
I: Anticodon II: mRNA III: Amino acid IV:
tRNA
12. What process is illustrated in the figure?
translation
13. A DNA segment is changed from- AATTAG- toAAATAG. What kind of mutation is this?
Point, Deletion, Insertion
14. What four things can cause a mutation?
o spontaneous mistakes in base pairings
o radiation
o chemicals
o UV rays
15. Where does translation and transcription take place in the cell?
Translation-cytoplasm; transcription-nucleus
16. What is the start codon? What amino acid does it code for? AUG; methionine
17. Which type of RNA is the anticodon? Which type is the codon? tRNA; mRNA
CH 11 Study Guide: DNA, RNA, and Proteins--Answers
1. What are the complementary base pairs in DNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out.
Adenine (A)-Thymine (T) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C)
2. What are the complementary base pairs in RNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out.
Adenine (A)-Uracil (U) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C)
3. Use a chart to compare and contrast RNA and DNA in terms of structure, sugars, and bases.
DNA
RNA
Structure 2 strands
1 strand
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
4. List the three types of RNA and explain the function of each.
mRNA: carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
rRNA: combines with proteins to form the ribosome
tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosome so that proteins can be made
5. Who discovered the structure of DNA? Watson & Crick
6. IF a sequence of codons on a DNA strand is AAC TAG GGT, what is the corresponding sequence
in a strand of mRNA? What tRNA sequence would pair up to this mRNA?
mRNA: UUG AUC CCA tRNA: AAC UAG GGT
7. What is DNA replication? the process by which a DNA molecule is copied
8. What does the enzyme DNA helicase do during DNA replication? It unzips/unwinds DNA
9. What are the parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, nitrogenous bases, & phosphate group
10. What process forms messenger RNA? What process forms proteins? transcription; translation
11. What does structure III in the picture represent?
Amino acid
12. What process is illustrated in the figure?
translation
13. A DNA segment is changed from- AATTAG- toAAATAG. What kind of mutation is this?
point
14. What four things can cause a mutation?
o spontaneous mistakes in base pairings
o radiation
o chemicals
o high temperatures
15. Where does translation and transcription take place in the cell?
Translation-cytoplasm; transcription-nucleus
16. What is the start codon? What amino acid does it code for? AUG; methionine
17. Which type of RNA is the anticodon? Which type is the codon? tRNA; mRNA