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What's on the Unit Test on Cells
You should be able to:
Cell Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
State the 3 postulates (statements) of the Cell Theory as written by Rudolf Virchow.
Give technological advances that led to the current understanding of Cell Theory.
Give scientific discoveries that led to the current understanding of Cell Theory.
Describe paradigm shifts that occurred during the development of the Cell Theory.
Describe conflicts that took place during the development of the Cell Theory.
Match the names of the main contributors to the Cell Theory with a description of what they
did.
Cellular Structure & Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
Label the organelles and important structures in both the plant and animal cell.
Identify the function of each of the organelles.
Describe the big difference between plant and animal cells.
Terms to know include:
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
(plants only)
Protoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Vesicles
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Centrioles
(animals only)
Lysosomes
(animals only)
Peroxisomes
Central Vacuole
(plants only)
Chloroplasts
(plants only)
Cell Membrane
1. Describe the primary structure of the plasma cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer).
2. Describe hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures of the cell membrane .
3. Describe which materials are able to pass directly through the membrane and which need to use
transport proteins (and why the proteins are needed)
4. Describe the role of the various integral transport proteins (channel protein, pore protein &
fibrous protein).
5. Describe the role of cholesterol (only in animals) and the peripheral protein: glycoproteins (gang
tags).
6. Explain why the plasma membrane is sometimes referred to as the Fluid Mosaic Model.
7. Describe the difference between simple passive diffusion, passive facilitated transport and
active transport and when each is needed.
8. Describe the processes of exocytosis and endocytosis.
Diffusion & Osmosis
1. Explain the difference between diffusion and osmosis.
2. Identify hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic conditions and what affect that will have on a cell
(shrink, swell, swell & burst, or remain the same).
3. Be able to predict what would happen in various real-world situations involving osmosis.
4. Be able to describe the meaning of dynamic equilibrium and homeostasis.
Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis
1.
2.
3.
4.
Write the formulas for cellular respiration and photosynthesis in words or symbols.
Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Describe what happens in the 3 (+ the Transition Step) steps of cellular respiration.
State where each step takes place in the cell (i.e. cytoplasm, mitochondrial matrix or
mitochondrial cristae)
5. State the reactants and products of each step.
6. Describe the role of ATP, NADH, FADH2, and oxygen in cellular respiration.
7. Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and what is produced in
each type (including the difference between anaerobic respiration in animal cells vs. yeast).