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Academic Biology – Midterm Exam 2015-2016
Midterm Review Questions
Disclaimer: This is by no means a comprehensive review and SHOULD NOT be used as a
standalone review guide. Students should reference their notebook (notes, labs,
homework assignments, quizzes) as well as their textbook for a more thorough review.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD/CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
1. List the steps of the scientific method and give a general description of each step.
2. Differentiate between a control and a variable.
a. Independent, dependent, controlled variable, control group, and experimental group
3. What is a controlled experiment and what are the main components?
a. Data graphing and analysis
ECOLOGY
4. Differentiate between a population, community, and ecosystem.
5. Identify biotic and abiotic factors
6. Explain the limiting factors within a population
7. Map the transfer of energy from one tropic level to another
8. Identify the characteristics of primary or secondary succession
9. Determine if a population is developing or developed by looking at population density
graphs.
CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY
10. Organic compounds must, by definition, contain which element?
11. What are the four biological compounds in living things, monomer, important biological
functions and characteristic of compounds? What is an indicator?
12. What are enzymes and why are they important in living things?
13. What conditions might alter the function of an enzyme?
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION/CELLULAR TRANSPORT
14. List the three components of cell theory.
15. Differentiate between a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
16. Identify, describe the functions, and state if found in plant cell, animal cell or both of the
following organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, nucleus, nucleolus, vacuole, cell
wall, cell membrane, centrioles, lysosomes
17. What are the main components of the cell membrane?
18. Draw and label the polar and nonpolar parts of a phospholipid. How do phospholipids face
each other in the cell membrane?
19. Differentiate between passive and active transport.
20. Which of the following are examples of passive transport? Which are examples of active
transport? Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, osmosis.
21. Compare and contrast diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
22. What happens to cells placed in hypertonic solutions? What happens to cells in hypotonic
solutions? What happens to cells placed in isotonic solutions?
23. Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis.
24. Define diffusion.
25. If a red blood cell (~70% water) is placed in pure distilled water, what will happen to the cell
and what type of solution is the cell submerged?
26. What is meant by “semi-permeable” membrane?
27. Describe the following terms: active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, facilitated diffusion,
and osmosis. Also – state whether they are passive or active forms of transport.
28. What is meant by “equilibrium”?
Bacteria/ Viruses
29. Explain the difference between bacteria & viruses.
30. List examples of bacteria and viruses.
31. Explain why antibiotics are used to treat bacteria but not viruses.
Biology Midterm Review
Name_________________
Scientific Method
Using the scenario below answer questions 1-9.
Kari has been doing research on a new chemical to help tomato plants grow and produce bigger, healthier
tomatoes. Kari hypothesized that the new chemical would increase plant growth producing larger tomatoes. She needed
to set up an experiment to test the new organic fertilizer. Kari set up her experiment in a greenhouse with the same
species of tomato plant in 5 small flats. She kept all conditions the same such as humidity, temperature, soil, amount of
water, etc.. Listed below is how she administered the fertilizer and the data she collected after six months.
Plant trays
Amount of fertilizer per day
Growth of plant
Color of plant
1
4 mL
2 inches
Green
2
6 mL
5 inches
Green
3
8 mL
6 inches
Greenish-Yellow
4
10 mL
9 inches
Yellow
5
0 mL
3 inches
Green
Identify the following:
1. Control group(s)?
0ml of fertilizer
2. Experimental group(s)? 4 ml , 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml of fertilizer
3. Controlled variable(s)? Humidity, Temperature, Soil type, amount of water, light
4. Independent variable? Amount of fertilizer
5. Dependent variable? Hight in inches
8. Why did Kari only test one variable in this experiment To make sure she had reliable data
9. What was the purpose of the control(s) group in this experiment to compare her data
Biochemistry
1.
Fill in the chart on organic compounds.
Carbohydrates
Basic unit
Monosaccharide
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Amino acid
Glycerol and fatty acid
Nucleotide
Energy storage, speed
up reactions,
Long term energy
storage
Store genetic
information
Enzyme
Fat
DNA
(monomer)
Major Function(s)
Examples
2.
Short term energy
storage
Starch sugar
Explain the function of enzymes. Draw and label an enzyme and substrate.
Enzymes help to speed up chemical reactions
3.
Describe two factors that may denature an enzyme.
Temp and pH
4.
List the characteristics of life:
Made up of one or more cells
Displays organization
Grows & develops
Ability to reproduce
Responds to stimuli
Requires and obtains energy
Maintains homeostasis
Adaptations that evolve over time
Ecology
1.
Define the term ecosystem:
a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. (Both biotic and
abiotic factors)
2.
Define the term community:
a group of organisms living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
3.
Explain how a community is different from a population. Provide an example of each.
A community is all the living things in one location, where a population is just one specific organism.
4.
Use the picture below the answer the
corresponding questions
a. What is the name of the
chart to the left?
Food web
b. What does it show?
Transfer of Energy
c. Which animals would be
primary consumers?
Mouse, Rabbit, Goat
d. Which level would have the least amount of
energy?
Lion or Kite
e. What would happen to the mouse population if all the owls were killed off?
It would increase slightly
f. What would happen to the snake population if all the kite were killed off?
The snakes would increase exceptionally until they run out of food (mouse). This would also effect the susrviival
of the rabbit, wild cat, and lion.
5.
What are the 3 main types of symbiosis and describe each:
Parasitism – One helped, one hurt
Mutualism – Both helped
Commensalisms – One helped, one neither helped nor harmed
6. Does the graph above represent a developed or undeveloped country? How can you tell?
A population pyramid of an undeveloped country.
7. What are some conditions you’d expect to see in this country?
War, limited access to medical care, poor irrigation
8.
Define: Biotic factors:
Living thing
9. Succession of a new species after a volcano would be:
primary succession
secondary succession
Cell Structure
1.
There are 3 components of the cell theory.
a. All organisms are composed of one or more Cells
b. The cell is the basic unit of Life
c. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
2.
There are 2 basic cell types -- Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Identify the following as a Prokaryote or Eukaryote.
a. lack membrane-bound organelles P
b. multicellular E
c. has a nucleus E
d. bacteria is an example P
3.
Listed below are the functions of the organelles. Identify the organelle.
cell wall
chloroplast
flagella
microtubules
mitochondria
nucleus
nuclear membrane
cilia
lysosomes
ribosome
chromatin
nucleolus
microfilaments
vacuole
endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
cytoplasm
golgi apparatus
cytoskeleton
a. thin protein fibers that provide support in cell cytoskeleton
b. short projections involved in movement cilia
c. longer projections involved in movement flagella
d. hollow protein fibers that make up cytoskeleton microtubules
e. solid protein fibers that make up cytoskeleton microfilaments
f. jelly-like material that surrounds organelles cytoplasm
g. digest excess cell parts and invading pathogens lysosome
h. where protein synthesis occurs ribosome
i. makes energy for cell mitochondria
j. membrane sacs that transport materials vacuole
k. receives processed materials, packages and distributes ER
l. stores materials and removes excess fluid vacuole
m. control center that contains DNA nucleus
n. membrane that controls what goes in and out of nucleus nuclear membrane
o. tangled DNA Chromatin
p. membrane that controls what goes in and out of cell cell membrane
q. site of photosynthesis chloroplast
r. produces ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum
s. thick, inflexible membrane that provides support for plant cells cell wall
Cell Transport
1.
Cell transport is the movement of materials in and out of the cell through the cell membrane.
There are 2 types – Passive and Active Transport. Identify as active or passive.
a. osmosis and diffusion are examples Passive Transport
b. requires energy Active Transport
c. does not require energy Passive Transport
d. endocytosis and exocytosis are examples Active Transport
2.
Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high to low concentration.
3.
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration.
4.
Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to help move material across the membrane.
5.
Exocytosis is the movement of materials outside the cell.
6.
Endocytosis is the movement of materials inside the cell.
7.
What does the selective permeability mean? That certain material can enter and exit the cell but other material
is restricted.
8.
The plasma membrane is made of 2 layers. It contains fluid and phospholipids.
Draw a phospholipid and label parts.
9.
There are 3 types of solutions – isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic. Identify the solutions.
a. concentration of solute outside and inside the cell are equal Isotonic
b. concentration of solute is higher outside than inside the cell Hypertonic
c. concentration of solute is higher inside than outside the cell Hypotonic
d. water moves out of cell Hypertonic
e. water moves in the cell Hypotonic
f. no movement of water Isotonic
Bacteria/ Viruses
2.
1.
Viruses are not considered living because
Which of the following causes AIDS?
a. they have no nucleic acids.
a. prion
b. they do not metabolize.
b. HIV
c. they grow but cannot reproduce.
c. bacteriophage
d. their cytoplasm doesn’t contain
d. viroid
3.
organelles.
In the space provided, write B for bacteria or V if the characteristic describes viruses.
B a living, unicellular organism
B have ribosomes
B reproduce by binary fission
B _ have a cell wall
B _ are treated by antibiotics
V requires a host cell
4. What properties of life does a virus lack?
They can’t reproduce on their own and lack the ability to metabolize
5.
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
B __ capsid
a. a protein with an attached carbohydrate molecule
b. the protein coat of a virus
D _ envelope
c. a virus that infects bacteria
A _ glycoprotein
d. a membrane that surrounds the capsid of some viruses
C__ bacteriophage
6.
Use the terms from the list below to fill in the blanks in the following passage.
bacteriophage
envelope
capsid
pathogen
Any agent that causes disease is called a(n) Pathogen Viruses cause damage when they reproduce inside cells many
times. When the viruses break out, the cell is destroyed.
The protein coat, or Capsid of a virus may contain RNA or DNA, but not both. Many viruses have a(n) envelope which
surrounds the capsid and helps the virus enter cells. Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophage