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Chapter 8 Online Review
Name:
Date:
Pd:
A. Go to www.classzone.com, Animated Biology, Chapter 8 (DNA replication) and answer the following questions while
completing the simulation.
1. Replication is the process by which DNA is ___________during the cell cycle (interphase).
2. __________________unzip the DNA double helix exposing the nucleotide bases.
3. Nucleotides pair up with exposed bases on each side, and _____________________ bond these nucleotides together
to make new strands.
4. Two identical strands of DNA are formed as a result of __________________.
5. Each DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand, so DNA replication is said to be semi___________________.
B. On Animated Biology, Go to Chapter 8 (Build a Protein)
1. Genes are found on chromosomes. Genes code (give instructions) to build
proteins. We need proteins to complete most tasks! In this activity, you will
___________________and __________________the Littell gene into littellase
(a protein).
2. The messenger RNA (mRNA) strand is pieced together from the right to the
left. After placing the RNA polymerase, correctly match the RNA nucleotides
with their correct pair. (remember: A pairs with T (in DNA) or U (in RNA). C
pairs with _______)
3. After you’ve transcribed your mRNA, the rest of the process (translation)
takes place (within / outside of) the nucleus.
4. Which organelle must bind to the RNA before translation can take place? __________________.
5. When you are translating your mRNA into your protein, littellase, make sure to line the ____________ up directly
with their complementary base pair.
6. Which organelle in the cytoplasm processes, packages, and ships proteins? ________________
C. Go to: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/dna/timeline/index.html.
Click on Episode 2, “Playing God”. Click on “Hot Science: Gallery of genetic engineering”
1. The first genetically modified food that became commercially available was the _____________
2. What made this food so “special”?a. _________________________ b. ____________________________
3. What is a “fish tomato”?
4. How is it possible a tomato could help the environment?
Click NEXT
5. Why is Bt corn more resistant to caterpillar pests?
6. A study released from the science journal, Nature, showed a connection between Bt crops and monarch
butterflies. What findings did nature publish? Was the research confirmed? Explain.
Click NEXT
7. How could “golden rice (fortified with beta-carotene)” help solve some of the world’s nutritional deficiency issues?
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D. Go back to the PBS homepage. Click on “4 Curing Cancer”. Click on the “hot science” link. Read each challenge
and answer each challenge question. Answer the following:
1. Challenge 1: If you learned that your favorite athlete had used gene therapy to enhance his or her performance, would
you consider this cheating? How did people vote? __________% voted yes. __________% voted no.
2. Were you surprised by the results? (No / Yes)
Why or why not?
3. In the near future, gene therapy might enable us to change traits (by adding a single gene). We
might be able to change our _________color or skin color. We might even be able to grow various
body parts. We will most likely not be able to:
4. Challenge 2: So far, gene therapy has only concentrated on ______________ cells, not on reproductive cells (the
_______and __________).
5. Ethical challenge: “If you knew you were carrying a flawed gene that would increase your child’s risk of developing
a disease like cancer, would you consider seeking germ-cell gene therapy before starting a family?” Were you surprised at
the results of the vote? Describe.
6. Ethical challenge. Do you think we should keep our hands off the human genome and let nature have its way? Were
you surprised by the results of this challenge? Why or why not?
7. Consider this: How have we already “set natural evolution aside”?
8. Challenge 4: In your opinion, are there any circumstances under which an employer should have the right to test
applicants for a genetic predisposition to certain behavior? If so, what would be the exception to the rule?
E. Go back to PBS Homepage. Go to “5 Pandora’s Box”. Click on“Special Report”. Read
‘Beyond DNA: Genetics of the Futur’e and answer the following questions.
1. The __________ ___________ Project (HGP) focused on a complete sequence of
human DNA. Sequencing the human genome has provided us with great knowledge, both
surprising and not.
2. Scientists thought humans had 150,000. from HGP, we know that there are only
________ genes.
3. __________% of the genes in mice is similar to humans. So, why don’t we look more
like mice?
4. The genes in a mouse follow a different __________________than the genes in a person. Genes are activated and
inactivated at different times and frequencies in different organisms.
5. 98% of the DNA that is not occupied by our genes. What is this DNA called? _________________
6. List one possible reason “junk DNA” exists?
7. Geneticists know everything there is to know about DNA (True / False)
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F. Go back to the PBS homepage. Click on “3D DNA explorer”.
Become familiar with this explorer by clicking on spin, pan, zoom and
reset tools.
1. What 5 elements is DNA composed of?
2. Click on “The Bases” under “Learn More”.
a. What are the two base pairs in DNA?
1. A pairs with ______
2. ____pairs with _____
b. ___________ bonds hold the Nitrogenous bases together?
3. Click on “The sugar phosphate backbone”
a. The backbone of DNA consists of __________and ___________groups
that alternate.
b. the familiar helical structure comes from DNA’s gradual twist—a stretch of ______base pairs makes
one turn of the double helix.
4. Click on “The bigger picture”. Click through the ”Learn Mores” to answer the following:
a. The smallest human chromosome contains _______million bases. This is the _________________.
b. The entire human genome contains 3 __________bases.
c. How many 1,000 page long phone books would it take to hold the human genome? ____________
G. Go back to Classzone.com, Go to Assessment: Chapter 8 (Section Quizzes). Complete questions, submit them and
answer the following question variations. Study the questions you had difficulty with.
8.1
1. Most scientists in the early 1900’s thought that ______________was the “carrier’ of genetic material.
8.2
2. The combination of phosphate, nitrogen-containing base and sugar makes a ________________.
3. DNA is a double stranded helix of constant width as evidenced by Rosalind Franklin’s __________________.
4. One strand of DNA has a sequence TAAGCGTCC. What is the sequence of the complementary strand?
____________________________
8.3
5. DNA replication occurs so that every cell has a complete set of
______________DNA.
6. Errors are kept to a minimum in DNA replication because __________________
proofreads and corrects the new DNA.
7. DNA polymerase also binds ________________together.
8.4
8. Remember the “Build a Protein” simulation. __________carries a “message” from a gene (located on a chromosome)
to the ribosomes.
9. The central dogma states: ________  ________  ____________
8.5
10. The number of bases that code for a single amino acid is __________.
11. The anticodon that pairs with UGA is _________.
12. This molecule carries the amino acid coded by mRNA to the ribosome: _____________
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