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Transcript
1/11/2017 CELL WALL • In Plants (not animals) • Outermost layer • Made of cellulose (type of sugar) and gives the cell strength CELL MEMBRANE CYTOSKELETON • Inside cell wall (for plants) • Outermost layer (for animals) • Two layer phospholipid • Phospho (end that contains phosphorous) hydrophilic: water –loving • Lipid hydrophobic: water fearing • Selectively permeable: • Controls what goes in and out of the cell • Inside cytoplasm NUCLEUS ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • In cytoplasm • Holds DNA • Cookbook with recipes for making proteins • Proteins control chemical reactions • Sends out one recipe at a time • Acts as skeleton • Keeps cell membrane from collapsing • Acts as muscles • Helps some cells move • In cytoplasm: connected to the nucleus • The “factory” of the cell • Makes proteins, lipids and other materials • Rough ER (with ribosomes) or Smooth ER (no ribosomes) • When new cells are made, all of the DNA in a cell must be copied 1 1/11/2017 RIBOSOMES MITOCHONDRIA • In cytoplasm • In cytoplasm • Reads “recipe” of DNA • The “power plant” of the cell • Puts together amino acids to make proteins • Converts energy from Sugar into ATP • NOT covered by a membrane • Also in prokaryotes • Not an organelle • ATP is how cells store energy CHLOROPLASTS GOLGI COMPLEX • In cytoplasm of plants • In cytoplasm • The “UPS distribution center” of the cell • Packages and distributes proteins • Site of photosynthesis • Is green because of chlorophyll (pigment that traps light energy) • Makes glucose (result of photosynthesis) VESICLE • In cytoplasm • The “UPS truck” of the cell • Formed when a membrane surrounds material • Vesicles can move material into a cell, out of a cell and throughout the cell LYSOSOMES VACUOLE • In cytoplasm • In cytoplasm (more common in plants) • Special type of vesicle that contain enzymes • Plants: • Large central vacuole stores water • Can wilt when it loses water • May act like lysosome (digestion) • Digest and destroy waste and foreign invaders 2