Download Reading the Blueprint of Life Chromosome DNA Gene Transcription

Reading the Blueprint of Life
Chromosome
DNA
Gene
Transcription
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Ok……….?
Let’s Read A Gene and Transcribe a
mRNA
5’TTATGGGCTCGAAGTAGGG
3’AATACCCGAGCTTCATCCC
RNA Must Exit Nucleus to Cytoplasm
Reading the Blueprint of Life: Translation
1. mRNA must be decoded by the ribosome
 Message from DNA the Gene!
 Instructions to ribosome on how to assemble a protein
 mRNA Code words are called Codons
 Codons are 3 base pairs long
 Every message has a start codon
 Every message has a stop codon
 Codons identify specific Amino Acids required to make a
protein
 Order of Codons determines the order of Amino Acids
 Specific sequence of Amino Acids determines the type of
protein and your proteins determine traits
OK …….? Any Questions?
Let’s Decode a Message
5’
ATTATGCCGTGGCTTTATCGTCGGGCCGTTGCCGTTTAATCTAG
3’
TAATACGGCACCGAAATAGCAGCCCGGCAACGGCAAATTAGATC
5’ m RNA
AUUAUGCCGUGGCUUUAUCGUCGGGCCGUUGCCGUUUAAUCUAG
1. Locate the start codon then circle the mRNA Codons
2. Decode the mRNA codons the reveal the Amino Acid Sequence
3. Identify the tRNA Anticodons needed to carry the Amino Acids to the
mRNA codons?
Reading the Blueprint of Life:
Translation
Who Reads and Translates the Message?
1. The Role of rRNA
 Combines with special enzymes to make Ribosomes
 Ribosomes attach to the mRNA message at start the
codon
 Ribosomes move along the mRNA
 Ribosomes read the Codons
 Ribosomes link each Amino Acid to form a protein
 Ribosomes
Translate
the mRNA
Reading the Blueprint of Life:
Translation
2. The Role of tRNA
 Travels around the cytoplasm of the cell
 Locates Amino Acids
 Transfers (t) the Amino Acids to the ribosome
 Each tRNA carries a specific Amino Acid to each
Codon of the mRNA
 The 3 bases of the tRNA are called the
Anticodon
OK? Write the Anticodons needed to bring Amino acids to
this mRNA ? AUG CAC GAG
Messenger RNA Codons
First
Letter
Second Letter
U
C
A
G
Third
Letter
phenylalanine
serine
tyrosine
cysteine
U
phenylalanine
serine
tyrosine
cysteine
C
leucine
serine
stop
stop
A
leucine
serine
stop
tryptophan
G
leucine
proline
histidine
arginine
U
leucine
proline
histidine
arginine
C
leucine
proline
glutamine
arginine
A
leucine
proline
glutamine
arginine
G
U
C
A
isoleucine
threonine asparagine
serine
U
isoleucine
threonine asparagine
serine
C
isoleucine
threonine
lysine
arginine
A
Start
threonine
lysine
arginine
G
valine
alanine
aspartate
glycine
U
valine
alanine
aspartate
glycine
C
valine
alanine
glutamate
glycine
A
valine
alanine
glutamate
glycine
G
Methionine
G
Create a Sequence of Labeled Sketches That
Illustrate Translation
Sketch I: mRNA with start and stop codons
and ribosome attachment
Sketch II: tRNA locating and bringing AA’s
to the ribosome
Sketch III: Translocation of the Ribosome
and growth of Polypeptide