Download Protein Synthesis and Mutations Review Sheet 2014

Protein Synthesis and Mutations Review Sheet
Directions: Write the answers to each of the questions on a separate sheet of paper or flash cards. For the terms,
either use them in your answers or separately define or describe their relation to the concepts of protein
synthesis or mutations.
Protein Synthesis: Chapter 8.4 and 8.5
1. What are three differences between DNA and RNA?
2. Where does transcription take place and describe each step. Use the following terms: RNA polymerase,
mRNA nucleotides, start codon, stop codon, nitrogen bases (A, U, G, C).
3. Where does translation occur and describe the steps. Use the following terms: Ribosome, tRNA, anti-codon,
mRNA codons, amino acids, protein.
4. Starting with a sequence of DNA nitrogen bases, be able to match up mRNA nucleotides that contain the
proper nitrogen base (A, U, G or C). Then match the mRNA sequence to tRNA anticodons and use a chart (in
your textbook, previous handout, or online) to figure out the amino acid sequence.
EX: DNA
TACGGCATAACT
mRNA
AUGCCGUAUUGA
tRNA
anticodon
UACGGCAUAACU
amino acids
meth
pro
tyro
STOP (not an amino acid)
*Now you do it for this sequence: TACGGATTGCATATT
Terms to know and apply:
DNA Codons
mRNA nucleotides
RNA polymerase
mRNA Codons
Ribosome
Start codon
Anticodons
Transcription
Translation
Amino Acid Chain
Protein
Stop codon
Mutations: Chapter 8.7
5. What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?
6. Which one (frameshift or point mutation) causes more problems in terms of reading the genetic code?
Explain.
7. When can the other type of mutation cause major problems?
8. What happens to cause a monosomy disease? Trisomy disease? What causes Down syndrome?