Download STUDY GUIDE SEMESTER 2 EXAM 4 Dr. Marks Name: Class

STUDY GUIDE
SEMESTER 2 EXAM 4
Dr. Marks
Name: ____________________________________ Class period: __________________________
1
Scientific thinking can be used
2
A general explanation for a broad range of data is called a
3
What is the most recent tool available to scientists?
4
The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from
5
The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a carbon
6
Attractions between water molecules are called
7
Provide some examples of things that are not considered to be a large biomolecule?
8
The overall shape of a single chain of amino acids in a protein is that protein’s
9
What molecules are most closely related to nucleic acids?
10
Describe Enzymes , their structure and functions.
11
Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because
12
What cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA?
13
Only eukaryotic cells have
14
The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins is the
15
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and
nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the
16
What statements can you make about colonial organisms is correct?
17
Proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell are called
18
Sugar molecules cross the cell membrane by
19
Osmosis is a type of
20
Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through diffusion or active
transport move in by
21
What change takes place in the cell membrane if a signal molecule causes a transport protein to
open?
22
What change takes place in the cell membrane if a signal molecule causes a transport protein to
open?
23
When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule, What change takes place in the cell
membrane if a signal molecule causes a transport protein to open?
24
The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is
25
What true statements can you make about the dark reactions of photosynthesis?
26
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis (explain)
27
Which environmental factors does not affect the rate of photosynthesis?
28
Cellular respiration takes place in two stages (list and discuss):
29
Water is an end product in
30
When a chromosome condenses what is going on?
31
Describe Binary fission
32
Sexual reproduction includes…
33
In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have
34
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
35
Crossing-over occurs (when)?
36 During alternation of generations, cells reproduce by
37
Mendel obtained his P generation by allowing the plants to
38
The discovery of chromosomes provided a link between the first law of heredity that stemmed from
Mendel’s
39
If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
40
What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant  heterozygous
monohybrid cross?
41
The unknown genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype can be determined using a
42
If a characteristic is sex-linked, the gene for it is found on
43
In humans, eye color and height are controlled by
44
The function of an operator is to
45
Transcription factors are
46
What disease is caused by a problem in the regulation of the cell cycle?
47
Before doing experiments, what should you know about lab safety?
What procedure should you follow if an accident occurs during an experiment in your class?
48
Describe three ways in which the binding of a signal molecule to a receptor protein can change the
functioning of a cell
49
Give three reasons cells reproduce.
50
How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes prepare for and undergo cell division in different ways?
51
In the lac operon, how does RNA polymerase affect the expression of the lactose-metabolizing
genes, and how is the activity of RNA polymerase controlled?
52
List some of the important questions that have been raised by advancements in DNA technology but
cannot be answered by research in a lab.
51
53
Explain Griffith’s transformation experiments
54
Explain what Avery and his research team concluded.
55
Using radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria,
Hershey and Chase demonstrated without question that…
56
The scientist who worked with Martha Chase to prove that genetic material is composed of DNA
was…
57
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
58
What is not part of a molecule of DNA?
59
A nucleotide consists of
60
The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the
61
The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n)
62
Purines and pyrimidines are classifications of what?
63
Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
purines
pyrimidines
64
The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of
65
Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that
66
X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that
67
During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand.
Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
68
What true statements can you make about DNA replication?
69
The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication
70
The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA bases during replication are
71
The enzymes that unwind DNA during replication are called
72
What true statements about DNA replication in prokaryotic cells can you make?
73
Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which genetic information
encoded in
74
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA…
75
What is not found in RNA?
76
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
77
What are the different types of RNA and what does each type do?
78
During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of
79
Transcription begins when RNA polymerase
80
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)
81
mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC
Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by a piece of
mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?
82
Refer to the illustration above. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA with the sequence
CUCAAGUGCUUC are
83
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from
which the mRNA strand CUCAAGUGCUUC was made?
84
mRNA codons
amino acid
UAU, UAC
tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
proline
GAU, GAC
aspartic acid
AUU, AUC, AUA
isoleucine
UGU, UGC
cysteine
Refer to the illustration above. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following
sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of
the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for
this amino acid sequence
Q
85
The function of rRNA is to
86
At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule
87
Describe Transfer RNA.
88
What factors can affect the final outcome of gene expression?
89
90
What does a nucleotide consist of?
Which two scientists were the first to suggest that the DNA molecule resembled a tightly coiled
helix?
91
Which molecule is bonded to cytosine on the DNA molecule?
92
What are the Y-shaped areas that form when the two strands of DNA separate during replication?
93
You are analyzing a molecule and find that it contains a uracil nitrogen base. Is the molecule DNA
or RNA? (explain your answer).
94
Which types of RNA play a role in translation?