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OMM 5,7 Study guide KEY
1. A _cell____________ is the most basic unit of all living things.
A job that an organ does is the ___function___________ of the organ.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
An example of an eukaryote is ____person, rose, mushroom, ______________
An example of an organ is _ brain_________________________________________
An example of a tissue is___connective______________________________________
An example of an organism is __cat________________________________________
An example of a type of cell is __red blood cell_________________________________________
An example of a organ system is respiratory_____________________________________
An example of a prokaryote is _any bacteria_________________________________________
9. plant cells
chloroplast
cell wall
large central vacuole
may do photosynthesis
“brick shape” due to cell wall
few lysosomes
no centrioles in cell division
contrast
animal cells
no chloroplast
no cell wall
small or no vacuoles
no photosynthesis
shape varies
more lysosomes
centrioles seen in division
Same: mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, DNA, Golgi, ER, ribosomes
10. Contrast prokaryotic
and
eukaryotic cells : (at least 2 and which kingdoms belong to
Kingdoms: Archae and Eubacteria
plant, animal, protist, fungi
Size:
Smaller
Much larger
Nucleus:
No organized nucleus
Organized nucleus
DNA:
Floating free in cytoplasm
Enclosed in nucleus
Organelles: Few internal structures, ribosomes__Membrane bound organelles
11. Tell 3 characteristics you know about each of the following organisms:
Lumbriculus- segmented worms that live in muddy fringes of lakes, ponds, rivers
able to regenerate, oxygen enters through the tail region and travels through a circulatory vessel to head,
transparent body allows view of digestive and circulatory vessels, have photoreceptors in their tails, use
corkscrew motions/reflex to escape predators.
Duckweed (Lemna) small green plant that floats on the top of the water, purple ventral surface, food for many
aquatic organisms
Wisconsin Fast Plants selectively bred to have 6 weeks life cycle and short thick stems, prefer 24/7 light,
monocots, very tiny seeds
12. What is selective breeding and how did Dr. Williams produce the special traits seen in WFP?
Selective breeding is the human practice of selecting desirable traits and then cross breeding to enhance
that trait in the offspring. Ex: Dr. Williams wanted his fast plants to have a very fast life cycle and to have
short thick stems. He then chose to breed plants that both had a short life cycle and short fast stems so that the
offspring (baby plants) would have an even faster life cycle and even shorter, fatter stems. The process was
repeated many times with Dr. Williams always selecting those “parent” plants that had the fastest life cycle and
the shortest, strongest stems.
13. What is germination? The sprouting of a seed... when the first root or stem emerges from the seed.
14. Describe some of the differences between monocots and dicots.
A monocot is a type of plant with one seed leaf (one cotyledon) Example: corn. They have parallel veins, fibrous
roots and their cotyledon does not come above the surface of the soil.
A dicot is a type of plant with two seed leaves (two cotyledons). Example: lima bean They have net-like veins,
tap roots and their cotyledon comes above the surface of the soil.
16. What does the Cell Theory say?
Cells are the building blocks of life.
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
All cells come from other living cells.
17. Draw a seed ...label Plant embryo, Protective Seed Coat, Endosperm (Cotyledons).
What does a cotyledon do for a plant? Stores nutrients for the embryo What is endosperm? a high
energy nutrient in the cotyledon of some seeds
How can you tell if germination has occurred? You can see the emerging root or stem
How is a seed like a baby in a box with a bag lunch?!
A seed is like a baby in a box with a bagged lunch because a seed is composed of a plant embryo (baby plant)
inside a protective seed coat (the box), with stored nutrients inside the seed called the endosperm (the bagged
lunch).
Is fertilizer plant food? Why or Why not? Fertilizer is not plant food because plants are producers; They
make their own food using energy from the sun in a process called photosynthesis. Fertilizer is just something
humans add to the soil to give plants the minerals that they can’t produce themselves.
Real plant food is glucose. It is a simple sugar that plants make themselves and obtain energy from it.
18. I want to produce an apple tree that is very short and can be grown on my porch. How could I use
selective breeding to get a tree like this? I could cross breed apple trees that were very short (but with
the taste I like) with others that were very short. After collecting the offspring seeds I could plant this
new generation and watch for the shortest trees again. Repeat many times until I have a short apple tree.
19. Complete this chain describing the levels of organization in living things:
Organism←organsystem←organ←tissue←cell← Organelles
20. What is the function of the mitochondria? These organelles produce ATP energy for the cell using
the process of cellular respiration. Would you expect an organ that needed a lot of energy to work (Ex:
the heart) to have a lot of mitochondria in their cells or only a little? The heart would have many
mitochondria since larger amounts of energy are needed.
21. __Organelles_Tiny organs found within plant and animal cells. Each does a specific job.
22. What is the cell wall? What is it made of? Is it found in animals or plants?
the tough outer covering of plant cell. It is non-living and made of cellulose and it protects and supports the cell.
23. What is the function of the nucleus? the control center of the cell that directs all cell activities. It is the
director of the cell and holds the genetic material that gives instructions for building traits (proteins).
What is DNA? the genetic material that gives instructions for building traits (proteins) Where is it found in
prokaryotes? floating free in the cytoplasm Where is it found in Eukaryotes? Enclosed in the nucleus
24. What is the purpose of a cell membrane?
Do plants or animal cells have a cell membrane?
What does the word selectively permeable mean?
This is the gate-keeper of the cell. Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane. It is selectively permeable
meaning it allows some things to come into the cell while keeping other certain things out. It is also important in
cell recognition and signaling.
25. What does the word Homeostasis mean? This is a basic characteristic of all living things, it is the
ability to maintain internal stable conditions within a changing environment.
26. What are three advantages of being multicellular? longer life span, specialized cells, larger size
27. Draw and Label a plant and animal cell:
Which is
is the
these
wall,
nucleus,
reticulum,
vacuole,
membrane
Be sure to
part does!
the plant? Which
animal? Label
organelles: Cell
cytoplasm,
nuclear envelope,
endoplasmic
mitochondria,
chloroplasts,
and cell
know what each