Download Chapter 14: Human Heredity

Biology
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Chapter 14: Human Heredity
Chapter 15: Genetic Engineering
Learning Goals
Text Section 14.1 Human Chromosomes
1. Demonstrate the ability to interpret and construct a karyotype.
2. Identify the types of human chromosomes in a karyotype.
3. Compare and contrast autosomal and sex chromosome monosomies and trisomies.
Give examples of human monosomies and trisomies.
4. Identify the genotype of male and female.
5. Explain which parent determines the sex of the offspring and demonstrate the ability
to prove this by using the Punnett Square.
6. Identify common disorders/chromosomal mutations from a karyotype (nondisjunction, translocation,
duplication, deletion, and examples)
7. Describe Simple Mendelian Inheritance of Human Traits.
Give examples of Dominant Autosomal Inheritance in Humans.
Give examples of Recessive Autosomal Inheritance in Humans.
Give examples of Codominant autosomal, Multiple alleles, and sex-linked Inheritance in Humans
8. Define X-inactivation and explain how it results in calico coloration in cats.
9. Demonstrate the ability to interpret and construct a pedigree.
10. Explain why X-linked disorders occur more frequently in males. Describe sex-linked inheritance and
demonstrate the ability to do the Punnett Squares.
Video: “Children by Design”, “Designer Dogs”, “Lorenzo’s Oil” or “Skin Deep”
Lab: Karyotype Letter
1. To perform a karyotype analysis of a fictitious patient.
2. To draw a conclusion about what genetic disease the patient has inherited.
3. Write an empathetic letter in formal business format to the parent of the patient informing them about the
disease and what they should expect.
Lab: Mosaic Cats
1. To investigate the effects of X-inactivation on the phenotype of an organism.
Lab/Activity: Pedigrees
1. Determine the genotypes of individuals in a pedigree
2. Recognize and determine the meaning of symbols used in a pedigree
3. Use a pedigree to determine how a trait is inherited
4. Construct your own pedigree for 3 traits inherited in your own family.
Text Section 14.2 Human Genetic Disorders
1. Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders
2. Identify the genetic causes of common disorders such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome,
Kleinfelter’s
3. Explain the genetic advantage of diseases such as sickle cell and CF in terms of natural selection.
4. Summarize the problems caused by nondisjunction.
Assignment: Genetic Disease Brochure/Genetic Disease Poster Session
1. Design a “doctor’s office” informational brochure or tri-fold poster about one genetic disease and present it to
the class.
Lab/Activity: Woody Guthrie Case Study
1. Using internet research, construct a pedigree of Woody Guthrie’s family to show how Huntington’s disease
was passed down in his family.
2. Analyze the pedigree to determine the inheritance pattern of Huntington’s disease.
3. Discuss the ethics and effects of genetic testing for diseases such as Huntington’s.
Text Section 14.3 Studying the Human Genome
1. Summarize the methods of DNA analysis.
2. State the goals of the Human Genome Project and explain what we have learned so far.
3. Describe the technique of gel electrophoresis and how it is used to study human genes
4. Define bioinformatics and genomics and relate the terms to the lab we performed using the NCBI database
for the HBB gene.
Video : NOVA – Anastasia
Lab: Who is King Tut’s Father?
1. Construct a model of a DNA electrophoresis using DNA segments from 3 mummies.
2. Recognize specific DNA sequences by using radioactive DNA probes within a gel and
3. Analyze the arrangement to identify the father of King Tut.
Lab: Dye Separation
1. Identify the basic components of an electrophoresis system.
2. Obtain a basic understanding of their functions.
3. Determine which dye moved the farthest in the gel.
Lab: Detecting Cancer Genes
1. Develop a pedigree to show how cancer is inherited in one family.
2. Run a gel electrophoresis to separate the p53 genes of a woman with breast cancer.
3. Determine the patient’s genotype based on the gel electrophoresis results.
Text Section 15.1 Selective Breeding
1. Explain the purpose of selective breeding.
2. Explain how people use selective breeding and induction of mutations to increase genetic variation.
Video Clip Super, Super Cow
1. Explain how breeders have achieved amazing results from selective breeding.
Movie: NOVA Cracking Your Genetic Code
1. Evaluate the pros and cons of having your genome sequenced.
2. Explain how gene sequencing has helped cystic fibrosis patients and others.
Text Section 15.2 Recombinant DNA
1. Explain how scientists manipulate DNA (review from chapter 12)
2. Describe the importance of recombinant DNA (review from chapter 12)
3. Define transgenic and describe the usefulness of some transgenic organisms to humans.
4. Evaluate the benefits and dangers of developing and using transgenic organisms.
Text Section 15.3 & 15.4 Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering
1. Summarize the main steps in cloning.
2. Explain the production, use, benefits and controversy of genetically modified foods.
3. Explain how microarrays show important connections between cell biology, DNA, genes, gene expression,
transcription, translation, cancer, proteins, and bioethics.
4. Describe the benefits of genetic engineering as they relate to agriculture and industry.
Activity: DNA microarrays and Pharmacogenomics
1. Explain how DNA, gene expression, and enzyme production relate.
2. Use a paper DNA microarray to determine the function of gene variants for the enzyme cytochrome P450 in
3 different “patients”.
3. Evaluate how the genes each patient inherited will affect their level of codeine detoxification and conclude
whether or not the patient should be prescribed codeine.
4. Use a paper DNA microarray to compare gene activity of normal and cancerous genes.
5. Use an algorithm to identify which cancer genes tagged in your microarray would be best pursued for further
study.
Lab: DNA Chips – Genes to Diseases
1. Construct a model microarray.
2. Discover how the results of microarray analysis can be used to study the expression of genes involved in lung
cancer.