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Transcript
THE CELL The cell theory The _____ is the basic unit of all living things. All ______________ are composed of one or more cells All cells come from pre-existing _______. Cell discovery __________ __________ - discovered cells while looking at cork cells. mid-1600s __________ ______ ______________ - discovered life while looking at pond water. mid-1600s Mattias __________________ - all animals consists of cells. 1830s Theodore _________________ - all plants consists of cells. 1830s 3 main parts of the cell: 1. Nucleus – The brain. The __________ is the control center of the cell. It is the largest organelle in the cell and it contains the ______________ and __________. 2. Cell membrane – Gives the cell shape and holds the _________________. 3. Cytoplasm – _______________ material that makes up most of the cell. Most ___________ _____________ take place in the cytoplasm. All organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm. Nuclear membrane – surrounds the ____________ and separates it from the rest of the cell. allows ______________ in & out of the nucleus. Nucleolus – found within the nucleus and produces _______________. Chromosomes –carries information that determines what ________ a living thing will have. Found within the _____________. ________(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains all the information for cells to live, perform their functions and reproduce. Cell membrane The _____________ _____________ ______________ describes the structure of the plasma membrane. The membrane is seen as a ____________ of phospholipids in which protein molecules are embedded. Fluid = ______________. Mosaic = _____________ ______________. Ribosomes Found in the ______________, but most are attached to the _______________ _____________ (ER). Ribosomes produce ______________. Where are proteins needed? In the ___________ and exported elsewhere in the _____________. Endoplasmic reticulum – A network of membranes throughout the ________________. Ribosomes are little factories that send proteins into the ____. Transports materials in & outside the cell. Below label the 3 main parts (nucleus, cell membrane & cytoplasm) and the nucleolus of the cell. Also draw the smooth and rough Endoplasmic Reticulum to the left of the nucleus. Mitochondria – organelle that converts food molecules into __________(______). Powerhouse of the cell. The process of cellular _________________ occurs here. Where are there more mitochondria, in skin cells or muscle cells?_______________ Vacuole – Liquid-filled space that stores ___________, _________ and ____________. Vacuoles are _________ in plant cells. Gives support - _____________ pressure. Centrioles – Helps with cell ________________. Always found in _____________ next to the nucleus. Centrioles align _________ _______. Chloroplasts Found only in ____________ cells. Contains green pigment (_______________), that traps energy from the sun. _______________ occurs here. Cell wall Found only in ____________ cells. A thick covering outside the cell membrane. The cell wall _______________ the cellular contents & gives ____________ to the plant structure. Lysosomes- (lysol) contains ______________ ______________ to break down materials, such as worn out cells and bacteria. Golgi bodies – Receives proteins from rough ER. ________________ and delivers ____________ to needed areas. Cytoskeleton Made of microtubules, that give _____________ and _______________ to the cell. Found within the cytoplasm. Name one organelle that is found in an animal cell but not a plant cell: _________________. Name two organelles that are only found in plant cells: ________________ & _______________. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 1. 2. 3.