Download Ch 7 Cell Homework Packet

Section 7.1 – Life is Cellular
Biology
Name
Date:
Period:
Lesson Objectives
 State the cell theory.
 Describe how the different types of microscope work.
 Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Fill in the chart with the missing vocab term or the definition.
Term
Definition
Basic unit of life
Thin flexible barrier that separates the cell from its environment
All living things are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of
structure and function; and new cells come from previously existing cells.
Cell with DNA that is enclosed in a nucleus
Cell structure that contains genetic material
Cell with DNA not enclosed in a nucleus
1. The invention of the
made the discovery of cells possible.
2. Robert Hooke used the name
to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw when he
observed magnified cork.
3. German botanist Matthias Schleiden concluded that
are made of cells.
4. German biologist Theodor Schwann concluded that
are made of cells.
5. Rudolph Virchow concluded that new cells are produced from
6. The
.
combines the conclusions made by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
Matching: Match the important contribution that each of the following scientists made to the cell theory.
______ 1.
Developed 1st microscope
A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
______ 2.
Looked at plant stems, wood and cork; discovered cells
B. Mathias Schleiden
______ 3.
Discovered the nucleus
C. Robert Brown
______ 4.
Stated that plants are made up of cells
D. Robert Hooke
______ 5.
Stated that animals are made up of cells
E. Rudolf Virchow
______ 6.
Stated that all cells arise from the division of
F. Theodor Schwann
preexisting cells
1
List the three parts of the Cell Theory:
1.
2.
3.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
DNA
their
are cells that
do not
enclose
are cells that
their
in
in
nuclei.
Two Categories of Cells
Category
Definition
Size range
Examples
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Label the two cells as either a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell.
Compare and contrast the two types of cells by completing the table.
Prokaryotic Cell
Cell membrane
Eukaryotic Cell
yes
Nucleus
Cell size
Complexity
Your body is made up of
simpler
cells. Bacteria are
cells.
2
Cell Organelle Review
Name:
Biology
Date:
Period:
Name the Cell Part: Some organelles may be used more than once.
Centriole
Golgi apparatus
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Ribosome
ER
Mitochondria
Nuclear Envelope
Cytoskeleton
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Wall
________________________1. Where proteins are made.
________________________2. Contains digestive enzymes to clean up the cell & break down macromolecules
________________________3. Jelly-like material within the cell.
________________________4. Protein structure that maintains the shape of the cell.
________________________5. For transportation of substances throughout the cell.
________________________6. Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the nucleus.
________________________7. Saclike storage organelle found in both animal and plant cells.
________________________8. Where ribosomes are synthesized.
________________________9. Composed of cellulose.
________________________10. Traps energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy.
________________________11. Known as the clean-up crew.
________________________12. Control center of eukaryotic cells.
________________________13. Supplies energy to plant and animal cells.
________________________14. Organelle that functions in cell division.
________________________15. Selectively permeable barrier in plant and animal cells.
________________________16. Modifies, collects, packages & distributes proteins produced by the cell.
________________________17. Protein scaffold involved in cell support and transport in the cell.
________________________18. An organelle that serves as a protein factory.
________________________19. Stores hereditary information (DNA).
________________________20. Converts chemical energy in food into a form that is more easily used in plant
and animal cells.
3
Name two organelles that are only found in plant cells:
1.
2.
Name an organelle that is only found in animal cells:
Chapter Vocabulary Review
For Questions 1–4, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or
words to make the statement true.
1. All cells are surrounded by a cell wall.
2. The flexible nature of a cell membrane results from its channel proteins.
3. Selectively permeable membranes allow only certain materials to pass through them.
4. Centrioles are found in animal cells.
For Questions 5–11, match the organelle with its description.
Organelle
_____5. Ribosomes
Description
A. Convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy that is stored
in food.
_____6. Endoplasmic reticulum
_____7. Golgi apparatus
_____8. Lysosomes
_____9. Vacuoles
_____10. Chloroplasts
_____11. Mitochondria
B. Stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
and other materials for storage or release.
C. Convert chemical energy stored in food into a form that can be
easily used by the cell.
D. Moves molecules from one part of the cell to another.
E. Saclike structures that store materials.
F. Small particles of RNA and protein on which proteins are
assembled using instructions from DNA.
G. Filled with enzymes used to break down carbohydrates into
smaller molecules.
4
Section 7.2 - Cell Structure Review
Biology 6.0
Name:
Date:
Period:
Lesson Objectives





Describe the structure and function of the cell nucleus.
Describe the role of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton.
Identify the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus in making proteins.
Describe the function of the chloroplasts and mitochondria in the cell.
Describe the function of the cell membrane.
A. Complete the chart with the organelles and definitions.
Term
Definition
Cell wall
Structure around plant cells, fungus cells, and some bacterial cells that
supports and protects
Structure in animal cells that helps organize cell division
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Network of protein filaments that gives a cell its shape and organizes
its organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Enzyme-filled structure that breaks down complex molecules or wornout organelles
Organelle that changes the chemical energy in food into a form that is
easier for the cell to use
Structure within a cell that acts like a specialized organ
Ribosome
Saclike structure that stores materials like water and nutrients
5
Use terms from the box to complete the Venn diagram.
cell membrane
cell wall
centriole
chloroplast
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
DNA found in cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
Prokaryotes
mitochondria
nucleus containing DNA
ribosome
vacuole
Eukaryotes
Both
Cell Organization
An organelle is a specialized cell structure. Each organelle functions in a different way. All of the organelles
help the cell carry out life processes. Use the terms in the box to write the name of the organelle underneath its
picture.
endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
nucleus
Function
Controls most cell processes and stores genetic
material
Where lipid parts of the cell membrane and proteins
for export are assembled and stored
Modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the
endoplasmic reticulum
Converts the energy stored in food into a more usable
form
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Cell Organization
1. Describe the relationship between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of a cell.
2. What does the term organelle mean literally?
For Questions 3–5, refer to the Visual Analogy comparing the cell with a factory.
3.
If the cell were a factory, what part would serve as the main office?
4. Which cell part would provide electricity?
5. Discuss how the actions of the forklifts are related to actions in cells.
Cell Organization
6. Use the words below to label the plant cell. Some structures have been labeled for you.
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
7
7. Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have been labeled for you.
cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
centrioles
Use the diagrams to answer the questions.
8. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell? Circle the correct answer.
chloroplast
cell membrane
ribosome
9. What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Organelles That Store, Clean Up, and Support
10. What are vacuoles and what is their main function?
11. What are the two roles of the central vacuole in plant cells?
12. How are contractile vacuoles different from other types of vacuoles?
8
13. In the diagrams of the animal cell and the plant cell, label the structures indicated by the lines.
14. What is the role of lysosomes in the cell? Why is this a vital role?
15. Which structures of the cytoskeleton are found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
16. What other structures of the cytoskeleton would show the same pattern of microtubules as a flagellum?
Organelles That Build Proteins
17. What are ribosomes? What do they do?
18. In which organelle are the lipid components of the cell membrane assembled?
19. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
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20. Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in cells.
21. Suppose a cell’s Golgi apparatus does not function properly. How might this problem affect other cells?
Organelles That Capture and Release Energy
22. Complete the Venn diagram to compare and contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Both
For the following questions, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined
word or words to make the statement true.
23.__________________
Chloroplasts are never found in animal cells.
24.__________________
Unlike chloroplasts, mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.
25.__________________
Nearly all of the mitochondria in your cells were inherited from your mother.
26.__________________
Both chloroplasts and mitochondria lack genetic information in the form of
DNA.
10
Cellular Boundaries
For the following questions, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
27. Most cell
protect cells.
are porous to water and other materials but strong enough to support and
28. Nearly all of the plant tissue called
is made up of cell walls.
29. Besides supporting and protecting a cell, the cell membrane
and leaves the cell.
what enters
30. Complete the diagram of a section of a cell membrane. Then, on the line below the diagram, write the name
of the model that describes the cell membrane’s structure.
hydrophilic head
lipid bilayer
protein
lipid
Fluid Mosaic Model
carbohydrate chain
hydrophobic tail
31. What is the function of vesicles in the synthesis of proteins and the release of those proteins outside the cell?
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32. Using the diagram…
a. Explain how the organelles work together to build, modify, package and transport proteins.
b. What is the function of vesicles in the synthesis of proteins and the release of those proteins
outside the cell?
33. Where do proteins that enter the Golgi apparatus come from?
a. Cell nucleus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Outside the cell
d. Digested materials inside the cell
34. What role do vesicle play in processing the proteins in the Golgi apparatus?
a. The create proteins.
c. They store proteins.
b. They modify proteins.
d. They transport the proteins.
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Chapter 7 Cell Review (Section 7.1, 7.2, 7.4)
Name:
Biology 6.0
Date:
Period:
Matching terms with their definitions:
_____ 1.
Cell
a. organism whose cells contain a nucleus
_____ 2.
Cell membrane
b. granular material visible within the nucleus
_____ 3.
Cell wall
c. the basic unit of all forms of life
_____ 4.
Nucleus
d. specialized structures within a cell that perform important cell functions
_____ 5.
Cytoplasm
e. organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus
_____ 6.
Prokaryote
f.
_____ 7.
Eukaryote
_____ 8.
Organelle
_____ 9.
Chromatin
strong layer around the cell membrane that protects the cell (plant, fungi,
bacteria)
g. uses energy from sunlight to create energy rich food molecules
h. large structure that contains the cell’s genetic information
i.
thin, flexible barrier around the cell; regulates what goes in/out of the cell
j.
material inside the cell membrane, not including the nucleus
_____ 10. Chloroplast
Matching organelles with their definitions:
_____ 11. Ribosome
a. Modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids for storages or transport
out of the cell
_____ 12. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Maintains the cell shape; moves cell parts; helps cells move
_____ 13. Golgi apparatus
c. Saclike structure that stores materials
_____ 14. Lysosome
d. Made of microtubules; helps with cell division; only found in animal cells
_____ 15. Vacuole
e. Converts chemical energy in food to usable compounds
_____ 16. Mitochondria
f.
_____ 17. Centrioles
_____ 18. Cytoskeleton
Small particle of RNA and protein that produces proteins following
instructions from nucleus
g. Filled with enzymes used to break down food particles or “clean up”
damaged cell parts
h. An internal membrane system in which components of the cell membrane
(lipids) and proteins are constructed
Structural Comparisons
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Word Part
pro
karyon
eu
Meaning
before
nucleus or kernel
true
19.
Determine the meaning of prokaryote:
20.
Determine the meaning of eukaryote:
21.
Identify a structural difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells that is directly related to their
difference in size.
22.
Describe one similarity between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells that is independent of size.
23.
Describe the steps involved in the synthesis, packaging and export of a protein from a cell. (page 200-201)
14
Structure
Function
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Animal
Plant
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleus
Cellular
Control Center
Nuclear Pores
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Organelles
that store,
Clean-up, and
Support
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Cytoskeleton (microtubules
I microfilaments)
Centrioles
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Structure
Function
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Animal
Plant
Ribosomes
Organelles
that build
proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Organelles
that capture
and release
energy
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Cellular
Boundaries
Cell Membrane
16
Multiple Choice
24.
Which row in the chart below contains a cell structure paired with its primary function?
Row
Cell Structure
Function
1
Ribosome
Protein synthesis
2
Vacuole
Production of genetic information
3
Nucleus
Carbohydrate synthesis
4
Mitochondria
Waste disposal
25.
The diagram to the right represents a cell of a green plant. Solar energy is used to
produce energy-rich compounds in structure A, B, C or D?
26.
Within which structure shown in the diagram below are energy-rich organic compounds
used to produce ATP?
27.
a.
b.
c.
d.
In the diagram to the right, structure B represents
cells, only
cells and tissues, only
an organ with cells and tissues
a complete system with organs, tissues and cells
a.
b.
c.
d.
The cells of unicellular organisms are
Specialized to perform different tasks
Larger than those of multicellular organisms
Able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life
Unable to respond to changes in their environment
28.
29.
Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most
complex level?
a. cell, tissue, organ system, organ
c. tissue, organ, organ system, cell
b. organ system, organ, tissue, cell
d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system
30.
Which part of the lipid bilayer faces the watery environment?
31.
Which part of the lipid bilayer faces away from the watery environment?
17
Label the following diagrams
This is a
cell
This is an
cell
This is a
cell
18