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NOTES 3.2 Enzymes
DO NOW: Answer the following questions to the best of your abilities using your notes from this week
 Flashback- identify the organic molecule that is synthesized from each of the building blocks below
Building Block (Subunit)
Simple Sugars
Fatty Acids
Protein
Organic Molecule
 Identify all of the steps in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration. State where each step occurs
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Carefully examine the table below, which contains descriptions of four different enzymes.
Enzymes
Descriptions
ATP synthase
A protein that puts together 2 molecules to form ATP
Pepsin
A protein that breaks down other proteins into amino acid
Glycosidase
A protein that puts glucose molecules together to form starch
Lipase
A protein that breaks down lipids into fatty acids
Analyze the similarities between the four enzymes in order to create a prediction about what an enzyme is.
Write your thoughts on the lines below
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Enzyme-__________________________________________________________________________________
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How do enzymes work?__________________________________________________________________
What other structures have we learned about this year, which require a specific shape to bind to other
molecules?
Thought Question
Some hazardous chemicals are known to change the shape of proteins. What would happen if an enzyme
were exposed to that type of chemical?
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Factors that can change the shape of enzymes: ____________________ __________
Practice Regents Question- The hardest written response question ever
The table below lists enzymes that function in different locations in the human body, and the
temperature and pH ranges of these locations.
Different enzymes are secreted in each of the three locations. Ptyalin digests carbohydrates. Pepsin
and trypsin both digest proteins. Discuss the activity of these enzymes. In your answer, be sure to:
Directions: Use the table below to break down this Regents question. The column on the left has the actual
Regents questions to be answered. If you find that you do not know the answer to any particular bullet, then
first try answering the associated “hint question” in the column to the right
Regents Question
Hint Question
1) State how a fever of 40°C would most likely affect the
activity of these enzymes
2) Support your answer using data from the table
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What is the highest temperature that any of
these enzymes will function?
Will a temperature of 40°C increase or
decrease enzyme activity?
3) State how the activity of pepsin will most likely change after Identify the pH range in which pepsin is most
it moves with the food from the stomach to the small intestine effective.
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___________________________________________________ Identify the pH range in the small intestine
4) Identify the characteristic of enzymes that prevents ptyalin Why does every enzyme only work with one
and trypsin from digesting the same type of food
substrate? What makes each enzyme so
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CLASSWORK 3.2 Enzymes
Directions: Answer each question to the best of your ability. Ask if you have questions.
1. Which of the following statements best describes the function of enzymes
(1) enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up the rates of chemical reactions
(2) enzymes are molecules that break down proteins
(3) enzymes are chemical reactions that occur in cells
(4) enzymes are structures on the cell membrane that bind to chemical signals
2. Which condition is necessary for enzymes to function properly in the human body?
(1) These catalysts must have a specific shape.
(3) Body temperature must be above 40°C.
(2) These catalysts must be able to reproduce.
(4) Body pH must be above 10.
3. The term “substrate” is most commonly used to describe
(1) a chemical or material in the cell
(2) the building blocks that make up enzymes
(3) a substance that binds to an enzyme to be synthesized or digested
(4) the molecules which attach to receptor molecules on the cell membrane
4. Enzymes and receptor molecules have all of the following characteristics in common except:
(1) they are made of amino acids
(2) they function in the synthesis and digestion of substances in the cell
(3) they require specific shapes
(4) they are structures that are necessary for cells to maintain homeostasis.
5. Base your answer on the diagram shown which represents a human enzyme and four types of molecules
Which molecule would work most effectively with the enzyme pictured above? Support your answer.
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6. Some internal environmental factors may interfere with the ability of an enzyme to function efficiently.
Explain why changing the shape of an enzyme could affect the ability of the enzyme to function.
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7. Enzymes have an optimal temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above and below this will
decrease enzyme activity. Circle the graph that best illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
8. Which statement describes all enzymes?
(1) They control the transport of materials.
(2) They provide energy for chemical reactions.
(3) They affect the rate of chemical reactions.
(4) They absorb oxygen from the environment.
9. The effect of pH on a certain enzyme is show in the accompanying graph.
At which pH would the enzyme be most effective? ________________
10. A student completed a series of experiments and found that protease (a protein-digesting enzyme)
functions best when the pH is 8.0 and the temperature is 37°C. During an experiment, the student used some
of the procedures listed below.
Procedures
(A) Adding more protease
(B) Decreasing the pH to 6.0
(C) Increasing the temperature to 45oC
Which procedure(s) would most likely cause a decrease in the rate of protein digestion?
(1) A only
(2) A and B
(3) B only
(4) B and C