Download DNA, RNA, Proteins

Using DNA to make a DNA copy called _________
replication
Using an RNA message to make a protein is called ______
translation
Which nitrogen base is NOT used to make DNA?
uracil
What enzyme adds the complementary nucleotides
during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
The beadlike bundles that form when DNA wraps up
are called _________________.
Nucleosomes
Using DNA to make an RNA message is called __________
transcription
Another name for protein synthesis is _______________
translation
Which nitrogen base is NOT used to make RNA?
thymine
What enzyme adds the complementary nucleotides when
making an RNA message from a DNA molecule?
RNA polymerase
The proteins that DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes
are called _________________
histones.
Where in a eukaryotic cell does transcription happen?
in nucleus
Where in a eukaryotic cell does replication happen?
in nucleus
Which kind of RNA carries the amino acids to the
ribosomes?
t-RNA
USE THE mRNA CODE WHEEL to tell the amino acid
sequence coded for by the following message: U C A
serine
USE THE mRNA CODE WHEEL to tell the amino acid
sequence coded for by the following message: U U C
phenylalanine
Where in a eukaryotic cell does translation happen?
on ribosomes in cytoplasm
Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region ?
t-RNA
Which kind of RNA has a CODON region?
m-RNA
USE THE mRNA CODE WHEEL to tell the amino acid
sequence coded for by the following message: A A A
lysine
USE THE mRNA CODE WHEEL to tell the amino acid
sequence coded for by the following message: AUG
methionine
Name the subunit used to build PROTEINS
amino acids
Which nitrogen base always binds to thymine in
a DNA molecule?
adenine
Which nitrogen base always binds to cytosine in
a DNA molecule?
guanine
Which cell part makes proteins?
ribosomes
The region on a t-RNA molecule that matches
the codon is called the _______________
anticodon
Name the subunit used to build NUCLEIC ACIDS.
nucleotides
Which nitrogen base always binds to adenine in
a DNA molecule?
thymine
Which nitrogen base always binds to guanine in
a DNA molecule?
cytosine
Tell where ribosomal RNA is made.
nucleolus
The region on an m-RNA molecule that matches
the anticodon is called the _______________
codon
Tell one way DNA is different from RNA.
Tell one way DNA is different from RNA.
DNA: double stranded, has ATCG, no U, carries genetic code
RNA: single stranded, has AUGC, no T, carries info to cell/
helps with protein synthesis
DNA: double stranded, has ATCG, no U, carries genetic code
RNA: single stranded, has AUGC, no T, carries info to cell/
helps with protein synthesis
Tell one way DNA is different from RNA.
Tell one way DNA is different from RNA.
DNA: double stranded, has ATCG, no U, carries genetic code
RNA: single stranded, has AUGC, no T, carries info to cell/
helps with protein synthesis
DNA: double stranded, has ATCG, no U, carries genetic code
RNA: single stranded, has AUGC, no T, carries info to cell/
helps with protein synthesis
Name the small pieces of DNA that are edited out
of the mRNA message before it is translated.
Name the small pieces of DNA that are NOT edited out
and end up in the final mRNA message.
introns
DNA that is SPREAD OUT in the nucleus of
NON-DIVIDING cells is called __________.
CHROMATIN
How many nitrogen bases make up a codon?
3
exons
DNA that is SCRUNCHED UP in the nucleus of
DIVIDING cells is called ____________.
CHROMOSOMES
Name the two scientists who figured out the structure
of DNA
James Watson & Francis Crick
Name the woman scientist whose X-ray pictures
helped Watson and Crick figure out the structure
of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
Frameshift mutations at the _________ of a gene are
more damaging and change more of the protein.
Name the three parts of a nucleotide subunit.
Which kind of RNA would have an amino acid attached?
Sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group
Tell the complementary DNA strand for this DNA
sequence: ATC
TAG
Ribosomes are made out of which 2 kinds of molecules?
r-RNA and proteins
beginning
end
t-RNA
Tell the complementary RNA strand for this DNA
sequence: ATC
UAG
The molecule that caused transformation in the Avery
pneumonia-mice experiment was ___________
DNA
Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are called _____________
purines
Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are called _____________
pyrimidines
A virus that infects bacteria is called a _______.
bacteriophage
Place on the DNA where RNA polymerase attaches
to start transcription is called the ___________.
promoter
When a repressor protein is attached to the
operator site the gene is turned _______
ON
OFF
A mutation in which one nitrogen base replaces
another in the gene code is called a(n) ________
substitution
A mutation in which a piece of DNA
is lost from the gene code is called a(n) ________
deletion
A change in the genetic code is called a __________
mutation
The place on the DNA where the repressor attaches to
turn off genes is called the _____________
operator
A group of several related genes that are grouped together
under the same operator is called a(n) ______________
operon
A mutation in which a piece of code breaks, flips, and
reattaches backwards is called a(n) __________
inversion
A mutation in which extra copies of a piece of DNA
are added to the DNA code is called a(n) __________
duplication
A mutation in which a part of a chromosome moves to
another non-homologous chromosome is called
a(n) ____________
translocation
A mutation in which extra nitrogen bases are added into
the code is called a(n) _________________.
An organism that has more than two pairs of each
chromosome is said to have ___________
The part of the nucleotide subunit that forms the rungs
of the ladder in a DNA molecule is ____________
insertion
polyploidy
The process in which a bacteria is changed after
picking up DNA from another bacteria is called
nitrogen bases
TRUE OR FALSE:
ALL MUTATIONS ARE HARMFUL.
transformation
________ mutations are caused by adding or deleting
bases that are NOT multiples of three and causing the
reading frame to regroup and be read incorrectly
frameshift
Name the sugar found in DNA
deoxyribose
FALSE
What kind of bond holds the nitrogen bases together in the
middle of a DNA molecule?
hydrogen bonds
Name the sugar found in RNA
ribose
In a DNA molecule the sides of the ladder are
made up of _________ & _________________
phosphates and sugars
What holds the nitrogen bases together in the middle of
a DNA molecule?
hydrogen bonds
The central dogma explains how information is passed in cells.
Which of the following sequences is correct?
A. RNA → PROTEIN → DNA→ TRAIT
B. PROTEIN → DNA → TRAIT → RNA
C. DNA → RNA → PROTEIN → TRAIT
In what kind of organisms is polyploidy common?
What is the function of TATA boxes?
Series of genes that control differentiation of cells
and tissues in an embryo
Help position RNA polymerase
plants
Hox genes
Adding lactose to bacterial cells turns the
lac operon _________
ON
OFF
Short segments in the DNA code near the operator
that contain many A’s and T’s which help position
RNA polymerase are called __________
TATA boxes
The protein molecule that sits on the operator and turns
genes off is called the ___________
repressor
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
Identify A
nucleus/nuclear membrane
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
Identify B
m-RNA
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
Identify D
t-RNA
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
Identify F
codon
Before the protein folds into its 3-D shape
the amino acid sequence is called a _________.
Polypeptide
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
If a codon is changed from GUA to GUC, what will
happen to the protein?
Nothing; puts in same amino acid
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
Identify C
ribosomes
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
Identify E
anticodon
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
AUG is the start codon for every protein. What amino
acid is always 1st in the protein sequence?
methionine
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD:
Tell a STOP codon
UAA, UAG, or UGA
LOOK AT THE PICTURE CARD
If a codon is changed from AGG to AGC, what will
happen to the protein?
changes the amino acid from arginine to serine
_______ are sometimes called “jumping genes”
and are involved in increasing mutation rates
when an organism is stressed.
transposons
The two strands in a DNA molecule are called
_______ because they run in opposite directions.
antiparallel
TRUE or FALSE: “Junk DNA” is just what its name sounds
like- junk. It has no function.
FALSE
DNA to RNA to PROTEINS GAME PICTURES
THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY
m-RNA DECODING WHEEL