Download ANSWERS Cell Unit Study Guide 2013

Cell Structure and Transport
Study Guide
Cell Theory
1. Who was the first scientist to observe dead cork cells under the microscope and name them cells?
Hooke
2. State the three parts of the cell theory:
a. All living things are made of cells
b. Cells are the basic unit of life
c. Cells come from other cells
d. All cells contain DNA
Cells: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
3. Circle the correct word: A eukaryotic/ prokaryotic cell is one that has a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles.
4. List one example of a prokaryotic cell: Bacteria
5. List two examples of eukaryotic cells: Plant and Animal
Prokaryotic Cells
6. Draw a bacterial cell (prokaryote) and label the DNA, cell membrane and cell wall.
Eukaryotic Cells: Plant vs. Animal Cells, Organelles
cell membrane
cell wall (plant cell only)
chloroplast (plant cell only)
cytoplasm
vacuole
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
Nucleus
Nucleolus
lysosome (animal only)
mitochondria
ER
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Centriole
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Rough ER
Central
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Nuclear Mem.
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Golgi Body
Chloroplast
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope (membrane)
Ribosomes (on ER and in
cytoplasm)
8. What three organelles are found in plant cells but not in animal cells? Cell wall, chloroplast, and large
vacuole
9. What organelle is found in animal cells but not in a plant cells? Centrioles and lysosomes
10. Complete the organelle function chart:
Organelle
Function (Job)
Mitochondria
Gives energy to cell (like a battery)
Nucleus
Brain of the cell; protects DNA
Ribosomes
Make proteins
Lysosomes
Get rid of waste (garbage men)
Cell membrane
Protects the cell and gives shape; Lets
certain things in and out
Transports things around the cell (like a
road)
Packages and receives things to send in
the cell (like UPS)
E.R.
Golgi bodies/complex/apparatus
Cell Membrane
11. What is meant by “The Fluid Mosaic Model?” That all the parts of the cell membrane
(phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol) can move around in the membrane.
12. Is the cell membrane selectively permeable (semipermeable), or can anything move in and out of the
cell? Yes, only certain things can move in and out
Solutions: Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
13. Draw a cell in a hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solution.
Hypotonic
Label with arrows the movement of water.
Isotonic
14. If you put an Elodea plant cell in salt water, what would the cells look like?
SHRINK (salt water is hypertonic)
Hypertonic
The cells would
15. If you put an Elodea plant cell in fresh water, what would the cells look like? The cells would get
BIGGER (water is hypotonic)
16. Is the salt water solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic? Hypertonic
17. What would a red blood cell (animal cell) look like in salt water? Shrink
18. What happens when you put a red blood cell in 100% water? Get bigger
Cell Transport
19. Circle the correct word: Passive Transport does/does not require energy.
20. Describe the three types of passive transport:
a. diffusion: any molecule moves from high to low concentration
b. osmosis: water moves from high to low concentration
c. facilitated transport: proteins help molecules diffuse through a membrane
21. When does diffusion stop? (When it reaches ____________________) Equilibrium
22. Circle the correct word: Active transport does/does not require ATP (energy).
23. Describe the following examples of active transport:
a. Protein pump: Proteins open and close to let things cross the membrane using energy
b. Endocytosis: Molecules move into cells using energy
c. Exocytosis: Molecules move out of cells using energy
24. Which molecule in the cell membrane moves Na and K into and out of a cell?
Does this require ATP
energy? Protein pump; YES active transport always uses energy
Microscope
25. How do you carry a microscope? Holding the arm and the base (top and bottom)
26. How do you calculate the total magnification of a specimen? Multiply the objective you are using
times the eyepiece (10 x the objective being used)
27. Name the objective lens and focus knob that you would use when you first look at a specimen under the
Microscope. Low objective (red) and coarse adjustment (big knob)
28. While looking into a microscope, what direction would a letter “e” move if you move the slide to the
right?
Left
29. While looking into a microscope, what direction would a letter “e” move if you move the slide to the
left?
Right