* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Extra Credit DNA Study Guide
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
History of RNA biology wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Transfer RNA wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Name____________________________________________hr__________Due_______ Extra Credit DNA Study Guide 1. What parts make up a nucleotide? Draw it 2. If there are 14 Adenine nitrogen bases, how many thymine’s will there be? 3. What is transcription? 4. What is translation? 5. If a leading strand of DNA includes TTCG, what is the sequence of the complementary strand? 6. Where is DNA found? 7. During mitosis, what happens to the structure DNA and the Histones and the nucleosomes? 8. What is the relationship between, DNA, histones, nucleosomes, and chromosomes? 9. What the ‘R’ stand for in RNA? 10. What are the 4 differences between DNA and RNA? a. c. b. d. 11. What do they have in common? 12. List the types of RNA and the job of each 13. What is the end product of transcription and the end product of translation? 14. What are introns and exons? 15. If there are 6 codons, how many amino acids will there be? 16. If there are 6 codons, how many nucleotides will there be? 17. Why is it possible to for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon? 18. What are genes? 19. What is a mutation? 20. What is a frame shift mutation? How does it occur? 21. What is a promoter site on the DNA used for (pg 301)? Figure 2 22. What is an anti-codon? Where is it found? 23. What is X found in figure 1? 24. What are A B and C and which one has the anti codon in figure 2? A B C Figure 1 25. What is the code for isoleucine? 26. If there are 20 amino acids, why do we have 64 codons? 27. If the mRNA is coding for Tyrosine, what is the anticodon for the tRNA? 28. If DNA codon is CTG, determine the mRNA, the tRNA anti codon and the amino acid mRNA _____________________ tRNA anti codon_____________ amino acid__________________________ Figure 3 29. In figure 3, label A, B, C, D, E, F, X and Y. A B C D E F X Y 36. What would happen if C were deleted or changed to a different nucleotide? 37. What does A, B, C, D show in figure 4? Figure 4 A B C D 37. .What is the result of DNA replication? When would DNA replication need to occur? 38. Look on page 332 of your book. Note that each sheep is a different color. Which sheep provides the donor egg and which is the sheep that will be cloned? 39. Which sheep are genetically identical? 40.Look at the graphic on page 327. What is this process called? 41 Look at the graphic on page 323. What do the dark bands (lines) represent on the gel? 42. On page 323, which bands are smallest? How do you know? 43. What does a restriction enzyme do? 44. True or false: All proteins are coded for by genes. _________________ 45. True or false: Only one gene can code for one protein.________________ 46. Look at the graphic on page 322. Of what is that a picture? 47. Pg. 322. Between what letters is the enzyme cutting? 48. What is the point of gel electrophoresis? 49. What is recombinant DNA? 50. Why would it be beneficial for scientists to know the DNA sequences of organisms? 51. List the role of genetic engineering. 52. If two patterns in different lanes are identical on a gel electrophoresis, what does this mean? Circle all that apply Each band has the same amount (mass of DNA The fragments are the same size The DNA came from the same source 53. List in order the steps scientists need to do to add the gene to make insulin into bacteria. (pg 327-328). 1. Add a genetic marker such as a florescent protein tag or an antibiotic resistant tag. 2. Extract the insulin protein from the bacterial culture. 3. Transform the bacteria with the recombinant DNA. 4. Use a restriction enzyme to cut the insulin gene out of the human DNA. 5. Use a restriction enzyme to cut the bacterial plasmid round DNA. 6. Insert the genetic marker and the gene into the plasmid DNA. 54. What is the process illustrated on page 304-305? 55. Sketch the ribosome, tRNA and mRNA. Know them. 56. On page 304 in your book, what are two names for this process? 57. Are bacteria clones? Explain. 58. If you have 9 purines (A’s or Gs) how many pyrimadines (T and C) do you also have? KNOW Some genes can be turned off or on, meaning that they are not producing that protein a certain times. This occurs by binding to regulatory sites on DNA. Just like a light switch that isn’t being used will not be turned on. The binding site would be the light switch. Why would your cell waste energy making a protein that it isn’t going to use? Where is the fragment cut? What is this called? What are the bands made of? Which fragments are the smallest? What is this called? Which two animals are genetically the same? Who provided the donor egg? What is this called?