Download Extra Credit DNA Study Guide

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Extra Credit DNA Study Guide
1. What parts make up a nucleotide? Draw it
2. If there are 14 Adenine nitrogen bases, how many thymine’s will there be?
3. What is transcription?
4. What is translation?
5. If a leading strand of DNA includes TTCG, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?
6. Where is DNA found?
7. During mitosis, what happens to the structure DNA and the Histones and the nucleosomes?
8. What is the relationship between, DNA, histones, nucleosomes, and chromosomes?
9. What the ‘R’ stand for in RNA?
10. What are the 4 differences between DNA and RNA?
a.
c.
b.
d.
11. What do they have in common?
12. List the types of RNA and the job of each
13. What is the end product of transcription and the end product of translation?
14. What are introns and exons?
15. If there are 6 codons, how many amino acids will there be?
16. If there are 6 codons, how many nucleotides will there be?
17. Why is it possible to for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?
18. What are genes?
19. What is a mutation?
20. What is a frame shift mutation? How does it occur?
21. What is a promoter site on the DNA used for (pg 301)?
Figure 2
22. What is an anti-codon? Where is it found?
23. What is X found in figure 1?
24. What are A B and C and which one has the anti codon in figure 2?
A
B
C
Figure 1
25. What is the code for isoleucine?
26. If there are 20 amino acids, why do we have 64 codons?
27. If the mRNA is coding for Tyrosine, what is the anticodon for the tRNA?
28. If DNA codon is CTG, determine the mRNA, the tRNA anti codon and the amino acid
mRNA _____________________
tRNA anti codon_____________
amino acid__________________________
Figure 3
29. In figure 3, label A, B, C, D, E, F, X and Y.
A
B
C
D
E
F
X
Y
36. What would happen if C were deleted or changed to a different nucleotide?
37. What does A, B, C, D show in figure 4?
Figure 4
A
B
C
D
37. .What is the result of DNA replication? When would DNA replication need to occur?
38. Look on page 332 of your book. Note that each sheep is a different color. Which sheep provides the donor egg
and which is the sheep that will be cloned?
39. Which sheep are genetically identical?
40.Look at the graphic on page 327. What is this process called?
41 Look at the graphic on page 323. What do the dark bands (lines) represent on the gel?
42. On page 323, which bands are smallest? How do you know?
43. What does a restriction enzyme do?
44. True or false: All proteins are coded for by genes. _________________
45. True or false: Only one gene can code for one protein.________________
46. Look at the graphic on page 322. Of what is that a picture?
47. Pg. 322. Between what letters is the enzyme cutting?
48. What is the point of gel electrophoresis?
49. What is recombinant DNA?
50. Why would it be beneficial for scientists to know the DNA sequences of organisms?
51. List the role of genetic engineering.
52. If two patterns in different lanes are identical on a gel electrophoresis, what does this mean?
Circle all that apply
Each band has the same amount (mass of DNA
The fragments are the same size
The DNA came from the same source
53. List in order the steps scientists need to do to add the gene to make insulin into bacteria. (pg 327-328).
1. Add a genetic marker such as a florescent protein tag or an antibiotic resistant tag.
2. Extract the insulin protein from the bacterial culture.
3. Transform the bacteria with the recombinant DNA.
4. Use a restriction enzyme to cut the insulin gene out of the human DNA.
5. Use a restriction enzyme to cut the bacterial plasmid round DNA.
6. Insert the genetic marker and the gene into the plasmid DNA.
54. What is the process illustrated on page 304-305?
55. Sketch the ribosome, tRNA and mRNA. Know them.
56. On page 304 in your book, what are two names for this process?
57. Are bacteria clones? Explain.
58. If you have 9 purines (A’s or Gs) how many pyrimadines (T and C) do you also have?
KNOW
Some genes can be turned off or on, meaning that they are not producing that protein a certain times. This occurs
by binding to regulatory sites on DNA. Just like a light switch that isn’t being used will not be turned on. The binding
site would be the light switch. Why would your cell waste energy making a protein that it isn’t going to use?
Where is the fragment cut?
What is this called?
What are the bands made of?
Which fragments are the smallest?
What is this called?
Which two animals are genetically the same?
Who provided the donor egg?
What is this called?