Download Chapter 1 (Sections 1-3) Study Guide: Cell Structure and

Chapter 1 (Sections 1-3) Study Guide: Cell Structure and Function
Pages 48 - 72
Vocabulary:
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light microscope uses light and has one or more lenses that enlarges an image of something.
cell theory all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, all
new cells come from preexisting cells.
homeostasis to keep internal conditions within certain limits.
cell basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
cell membrane a flexible covering that surrounds a cell.
cytoplasm a thick fluid made mostly of water.
organelle structures in the cytoplasm that have specific functions.
chromosome coiled structures of genetic material in the nucleus, made of long chains of DNA.
mitochondrion transforms the unusable energy in food molecules, into a form of usable energy.
prokaryotic cell a cell without a nucleus and most other organelles.
cell wall a rigid wall that surrounds the cell outside its cell membrane in plants, fungi, and some
bacteria.
cytoskeleton like a thick web and plays a role in muscle contraction, cell division, cell
movement,and maintenance of cell shape.
nucleus a large organelle inside many cells that contains the genetic material – a chemical code
for making all the molecules of a cell.
ribosome small structures within a cell that make proteins.
chloroplast an organelle found in plants that uses light energy to make food – a type of sugar –
from water and carbon dioxide.
eukaryotic cell a cell with a nucleus and other organelles.
cellular respiration a series of chemical reactions that transforms the energy in food molecules to
usable energy.
fermentation a chemical process that releases energy from food molecules; it begins and ends in
the cytoplasm and does not involve mitochondria or use oxygen.
photosynthesis a series of chemical reactions in some organisms that uses light energy and makes
food.
Main Ideas:
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What did the invention of the microscope allow scientists to discover? cells
How is a light microscope different from an electron microscope? Light Microscope – uses light,
invented 1665, has one or more lenses, enlarges up to 1500 times. Electron Microscope – uses
electrons, invented 1930, enlarges around 100,000 times, can show structures inside a cell.
What are the three key statements of the cell theory? All organisms are made up of one or more
cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, all new cells come from preexisting cells.
What are the six characteristics that all living things share? Organization, homeostasis,
reproduction, energy, growth & development, responses
What kind of membrane do cells have? (Think of the egg demo.) selectively permeable
What are the functions of the following organelles?
 Nucleus controls cell functions
 Mitochondria releases energy
 Chloroplast makes food
 Cell wall provides, shape, protection, and support
 Vacuole stores water and plant substances
 Ribosomes makes proteins
 Endoplasmic reticulum smooth – makes lipids and gets rid of chemicals and poisons
rough – makes and modifies proteins
 Cell membrane regulates movement of substances into and out of a cell
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Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. (Think of your Venn diagram.)
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How are Prokaryotic cells different from Eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic – probably were first
living things on Earth, have loop of DNA, many have cell walls and flagella, exist only as singlecelled organisms Eukaryotic – make up protists, fungi, plants, and animals, contain organelles,
have pair of chromosomes
Where does photosynthesis take place? chloroplasts
Where does respiration take place? mitochondria
What are the two types of fermentation? Lactic acid fermentation and Alcoholic fermentation
Write out the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 What are the raw materials? 6CO2 + 6H2O What are the
products? C6H12O6 + 6O2
Write out the chemical equation for respiration. C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What are the raw materials? C6H12O6 + 6O2 What are the products? 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
How are photosynthesis and respiration related? Photosynthesis needs the products of cellular
respiration and vice versa.
What is chlorophyll and what does it do? Chlorophyll is a green pigment located in the
chloroplasts. It absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
What is the energy source for photosynthesis? Light energy.
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Diagrams: Label the cell diagrams. Know them for your test.
Online Review: Use these online sources to help you review for your chapter test. Place a
check mark in the box when you have completed the review.
Standards Assessment Chapter 1
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007874184x/student_view0/unit1/chapter1/standard_assessment-english.html
Vocabulary eFlashcards Chapter 1
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007874184x/student_view0/unit1/chapter1/vocabulary_eflashcards.html
Interactive Tutor Chapter 1
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007874184x/student_view0/unit1/chapter1/interactive_tutor.html