Download Cell Biology – Summary (in a “nut shell”)

Cell Biology – Summary (in a “nut shell”)
Differences Between Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic Cells:
1. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles
2. Eukaryotes have a “true” nucleus
3. Eukaryotes are larger and much more complex
Similarities Between Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic Cells:
1. Both have a plasma membrane
2. Both have DNA
3. Both have ribosomes
Differences Between Plant & Animal Cells:
Plant Cells have…
Animal Cells have…
1. Chloroplasts (plastids)
2. Cell Walls
3. Large (central) Vacuole
4. tend to be “rectangular” in shape
1. Centrioles
2. Lysosomes
3. have many small Vacuoles
4. tend to be “round” in shape
Similarities Between Plant & Animal Cells:
1. Both are eukaryotic cells
(share all of the basic characteristics of eukaryotes – have nucleus & organelles)
Cell Walls:
1. prokaryotes  made of peptidoglycan
2. plants  made of cellulose
3. fungi  made of chitin
Organelle/Structure Cell Type Function
Page
Cell Wall
Bacteria
Plants
Fungi
Protection, support, & regulation of osmotic
pressure/balance
180
Chloroplast
Plants
Converts light energy into chemical energy (organelle
used by plants to “make” their own food)
 Site of photosynthesis
184
Eukaryotes
“UPS of the Cell”
182-3
(a type of plastid)
Golgi Apparatus
Receiving, sorting, modifying, and shipping of
proteins
Lysosome
Animals
“Pac-Man of the Cell”
183
Digests excess or worn-out organelles and other nonwanted materials in the cell (including pathogens)
Mitochondria
Eukaryotes
“Powerhouse of the Cell”
185
Converts chemical energy into a useable form of
energy for the cell
[transforms energy in food (glucose) into ATP]
Nucleus
Eukaryotes
“Control Center of the Cell” (kind of like the
“brain”)
180-1
Contains the “code” for making proteins/enzymes
Manages all cell functions (in one way or another)
Plasma Membrane
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
“Gate-Keeper of the Cell”
Protective barrier of the cell
Controls/regulates what moves in & out of the cell
(including removal of wastes & entry of ions)
 composed of a phospholipids bilayer that is
selectively permeable

Ribosome
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
“fluid mosaic model”
“DJ of the Cell”
Site of protein synthesis and enzyme production

Vacuoles
175-8
181
They are non-membrane-bound organelles
Temporary storage of materials
(food, water, enzymes, wastes, etc.)
183
Prokaryotic Cells
Pili / Pilus
Eukaryotic Cells
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL