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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic All living things are made of cells. Cells are the structural units of all life. Some living things are made up of only one cell (bacteria and some protists), and some living things are made up of many cells working together (humans, fish, dogs). There are two major types of cells: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are cells that do not have a nucleus to surround their genetic information and do not have membrane-bound organelles. Many prokaryotic cells have a cell wall. Although prokaryotic cells are simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells they have shown an ability to adapt very quickly to changing environments on the earth for the past 3 billion years. Eukaryotes are cells that have a nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles. The presence of these membrane-bound organelles allows the eukaryotic cell to compartmentalize chemical reactions within the cell structure. 1 Comparisons between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus that surrounds the genetic information. Membrane-bounded nucleus that contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes Cell division is accomplished by binary fission or budding Cell division is accomplished by mitosis Cells are anaerobic and aerobic Most cells of this type are aerobic Mitochondria are absent. Respiration Mitochondria present. Aerobic at times occurs in the cell membrane respiration occurs in the mitochondria. Ribosomes present in the cytoplasm Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum 2